King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 23:6 Mean?

1 Samuel 23:6 in the King James Version says “And it came to pass, when Abiathar the son of Ahimelech fled to David to Keilah, that he came down with an ephod in his ... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And it came to pass, when Abiathar the son of Ahimelech fled to David to Keilah, that he came down with an ephod in his hand.

1 Samuel 23:6 · KJV


Context

4

Then David enquired of the LORD yet again. And the LORD answered him and said, Arise, go down to Keilah; for I will deliver the Philistines into thine hand.

5

So David and his men went to Keilah, and fought with the Philistines, and brought away their cattle, and smote them with a great slaughter. So David saved the inhabitants of Keilah.

6

And it came to pass, when Abiathar the son of Ahimelech fled to David to Keilah, that he came down with an ephod in his hand.

7

And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah. And Saul said, God hath delivered him into mine hand; for he is shut in, by entering into a town that hath gates and bars.

8

And Saul called all the people together to war, to go down to Keilah, to besiege David and his men.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And it came to pass, when Abiathar the son of Ahimelech fled to David to Keilah, that he came down with an ephod in his hand.

This verse explains how David gained access to divine consultation. The Hebrew notation that Abiathar 'came down with an ephod in his hand' emphasizes the priestly instrument's arrival. The ephod contained the Urim and Thummim—the authorized means of inquiring of God. Abiathar's flight from Nob's massacre (22:20) thus served God's providence: the surviving priest brought divine communication to the legitimate king. While Saul lost access to God's guidance through his apostasy, David gained it through the priest he protected. The ephod 'in his hand' indicates Abiathar's prioritizing of sacred duty—amid flight and danger, he preserved the means of knowing God's will.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The high priestly ephod was a garment with a breastpiece containing the Urim and Thummim, sacred lots used for divine consultation. Abiathar's bringing this instrument meant David had legitimate access to God's guidance, unlike Saul who was rejected.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God provide means of guidance when we faithfully follow Him?
  2. What does Abiathar's preservation of the ephod teach about priorities in crisis?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וַיְהִ֗י1 of 11
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

בִּ֠בְרֹחַ2 of 11

fled

H1272

to bolt, i.e., figuratively, to flee suddenly

אֶבְיָתָ֧ר3 of 11

And it came to pass when Abiathar

H54

ebjathar, an israelite

בֶּן4 of 11

the son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

אֲחִימֶ֛לֶךְ5 of 11

of Ahimelech

H288

achimelek, the name of an israelite and of a hittite

אֶל6 of 11
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

דָּוִ֖ד7 of 11

to David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

קְעִילָ֑ה8 of 11

to Keilah

H7084

keilah, a place in palestine

אֵפ֖וֹד9 of 11

with an ephod

H646

a girdle; specifically the ephod or highpriest's shoulder-piece; also generally, an image

יָרַ֥ד10 of 11

that he came down

H3381

to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau

בְּיָדֽוֹ׃11 of 11

in his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 23:6 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 23:6 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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