King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 20:10 Mean?

1 Samuel 20:10 in the King James Version says “Then said David to Jonathan, Who shall tell me? or what if thy father answer thee roughly? — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Then said David to Jonathan, Who shall tell me? or what if thy father answer thee roughly?

1 Samuel 20:10 · KJV


Context

8

Therefore thou shalt deal kindly with thy servant; for thou hast brought thy servant into a covenant of the LORD with thee: notwithstanding, if there be in me iniquity, slay me thyself; for why shouldest thou bring me to thy father?

9

And Jonathan said, Far be it from thee: for if I knew certainly that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee, then would not I tell it thee?

10

Then said David to Jonathan, Who shall tell me? or what if thy father answer thee roughly?

11

And Jonathan said unto David, Come, and let us go out into the field. And they went out both of them into the field.

12

And Jonathan said unto David, O LORD God of Israel, when I have sounded my father about to morrow any time, or the third day, and, behold, if there be good toward David, and I then send not unto thee, and shew it thee; sounded: Heb. searched shew: Heb. uncover thine ear


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Then said David to Jonathan, Who shall tell me? or what if thy father answer thee roughly?

David's practical concern - 'Who shall tell me?' - moves from commitment to logistics. The question 'what if thy father answer thee roughly?' (qashah, harshly) anticipates the danger Jonathan himself might face in delivering bad news. David's concern extended to Jonathan's safety, not merely his own. True friendship involves mutual protection, not just receiving help. This question prompted the arrow-signal plan that would allow communication while protecting Jonathan from being caught directly warning David.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Bearers of unwelcome news to kings sometimes faced punishment. David's concern recognized Jonathan's risk in acting as intermediary. The need for covert communication methods reflected the danger of operating within Saul's surveillance.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you show concern for those who take risks to help you?
  2. What creative solutions have you developed for communicating in difficult situations?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר1 of 12

Then said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

דָּוִד֙2 of 12

David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

אֶל3 of 12
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן4 of 12

to Jonathan

H3083

jehonathan, the name of four israelites

מִ֖י5 of 12
H4310

who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix

יַגִּ֣יד6 of 12

Who shall tell

H5046

properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to

לִ֑י7 of 12
H0
א֛וֹ8 of 12
H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

מַה9 of 12
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

יַּֽעַנְךָ֥10 of 12

answer

H6030

properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,

אָבִ֖יךָ11 of 12

me or what if thy father

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

קָשָֽׁה׃12 of 12

thee roughly

H7186

severe (in various applications)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 20:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 20:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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