King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 2:23 Mean?

1 Samuel 2:23 in the King James Version says “And he said unto them, Why do ye such things? for I hear of your evil dealings by all this people. of your: or, evil wor... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he said unto them, Why do ye such things? for I hear of your evil dealings by all this people. of your: or, evil words of you

1 Samuel 2:23 · KJV


Context

21

And the LORD visited Hannah, so that she conceived, and bare three sons and two daughters. And the child Samuel grew before the LORD.

22

Now Eli was very old, and heard all that his sons did unto all Israel; and how they lay with the women that assembled at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. assembled: Heb. assembled by troops

23

And he said unto them, Why do ye such things? for I hear of your evil dealings by all this people. of your: or, evil words of you

24

Nay, my sons; for it is no good report that I hear: ye make the LORD'S people to transgress. transgress: or, cry out

25

If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: but if a man sin against the LORD, who shall intreat for him? Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto the voice of their father, because the LORD would slay them.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Eli's rebuke to his sons appears reasonable but proves ineffective. His question 'Why do ye such things?' seeks explanation rather than demanding cessation. The phrase 'I hear of your evil dealings by all this people' shows concern for reputation rather than holiness. Eli addresses their behavior's impact on public perception, not its offense against God. His approach is pastoral rather than prophetic, remedial rather than decisive. Sometimes situations require not discussion but decisive discipline - a lesson Eli never learns.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Eli's mild rebuke contrasts sharply with the severity required by Mosaic law. Sexual misconduct by priests warranted death (Leviticus 21:9 addresses priests' daughters; the principle extends to priests themselves). Eli's failure to act decisively constitutes dereliction of duty.

Reflection Questions

  1. When does pastoral gentleness become compromise with evil?
  2. How do you distinguish between situations requiring discussion versus decisive action?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר1 of 16

And he said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לָהֶ֔ם2 of 16
H0
לָ֥מָּה3 of 16
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

תַֽעֲשׂ֖וּן4 of 16

unto them Why do

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

דִּבְרֵיכֶ֣ם5 of 16

dealings

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

הָאֵ֑לֶּה6 of 16
H428

these or those

אֲשֶׁ֨ר7 of 16
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

אָֽנֹכִ֤י8 of 16
H595

i

שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙9 of 16

for I hear

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

אֶת10 of 16
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

דִּבְרֵיכֶ֣ם11 of 16

dealings

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

רָעִ֔ים12 of 16

of your evil

H7451

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

מֵאֵ֖ת13 of 16
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כָּל14 of 16
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הָעָ֥ם15 of 16

by all this people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

אֵֽלֶּה׃16 of 16
H428

these or those


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 2:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 2:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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