King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 2:22 Mean?

1 Samuel 2:22 in the King James Version says “Now Eli was very old, and heard all that his sons did unto all Israel; and how they lay with the women that assembled at... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Now Eli was very old, and heard all that his sons did unto all Israel; and how they lay with the women that assembled at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. assembled: Heb. assembled by troops

1 Samuel 2:22 · KJV


Context

20

And Eli blessed Elkanah and his wife, and said, The LORD give thee seed of this woman for the loan which is lent to the LORD. And they went unto their own home. loan: or, petition which she asked, etc

21

And the LORD visited Hannah, so that she conceived, and bare three sons and two daughters. And the child Samuel grew before the LORD.

22

Now Eli was very old, and heard all that his sons did unto all Israel; and how they lay with the women that assembled at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. assembled: Heb. assembled by troops

23

And he said unto them, Why do ye such things? for I hear of your evil dealings by all this people. of your: or, evil words of you

24

Nay, my sons; for it is no good report that I hear: ye make the LORD'S people to transgress. transgress: or, cry out


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Eli's advanced age coincides with full awareness of his sons' wickedness. He 'heard all that his sons did' - not rumors but confirmed reports of their comprehensive corruption. Their sin extends beyond sanctuary abuse to sexual exploitation: 'they lay with the women that assembled at the door of the tabernacle.' These women may have been worship attendants (Exodus 38:8) or simply faithful worshipers. Either way, the priests corrupted the most sacred space for the basest purposes. Eli knows but takes inadequate action.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The 'women that assembled at the door' appear also in Exodus 38:8, where their mirrors provided bronze for the laver. Their service at the sanctuary entrance made them vulnerable to predatory priests. This sexual abuse violated both their persons and the holiness of the sanctuary.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does knowledge of wrongdoing create responsibility for action?
  2. What does the sexual exploitation of worshipers reveal about the depth of the priests' corruption?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 20 words
וְעֵלִ֖י1 of 20

Now Eli

H5941

eli, an israelite highpriest

זָקֵ֣ן2 of 20

old

H2204

to be old

מְאֹ֑ד3 of 20

was very

H3966

properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or

וְשָׁמַ֗ע4 of 20

and heard

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

אֵת֩5 of 20
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כָּל6 of 20
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֲשֶׁ֨ר7 of 20
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יַֽעֲשׂ֤וּן8 of 20

did

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

בָּנָיו֙9 of 20

all that his sons

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

לְכָל10 of 20
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל11 of 20

unto all Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

וְאֵ֤ת12 of 20
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אֲשֶֽׁר13 of 20
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יִשְׁכְּבוּן֙14 of 20

and how they lay

H7901

to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)

אֶת15 of 20
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

הַנָּשִׁ֔ים16 of 20

with the women

H802

a woman

הַצֹּ֣בְא֔וֹת17 of 20

that assembled

H6633

to mass (an army or servants)

פֶּ֖תַח18 of 20

at the door

H6607

an opening (literally), i.e., door (gate) or entrance way

אֹ֥הֶל19 of 20

of the tabernacle

H168

a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)

מוֹעֵֽד׃20 of 20

of the congregation

H4150

properly, an appointment, i.e., a fixed time or season; specifically, a festival; conventionally a year; by implication, an assembly (as convened for


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 2:22 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 2:22 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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