King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 17:40 Mean?

1 Samuel 17:40 in the King James Version says “And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in a shepherd's bag w... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in a shepherd's bag which he had, even in a scrip; and his sling was in his hand: and he drew near to the Philistine. brook: or, valley bag: Heb. vessel

1 Samuel 17:40 · KJV


Context

38

And Saul armed David with his armour, and he put an helmet of brass upon his head; also he armed him with a coat of mail. armed David: Heb. clothed David with his clothes

39

And David girded his sword upon his armour, and he assayed to go; for he had not proved it. And David said unto Saul, I cannot go with these; for I have not proved them. And David put them off him.

40

And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in a shepherd's bag which he had, even in a scrip; and his sling was in his hand: and he drew near to the Philistine. brook: or, valley bag: Heb. vessel

41

And the Philistine came on and drew near unto David; and the man that bare the shield went before him.

42

And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained him: for he was but a youth, and ruddy, and of a fair countenance.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in a shepherd's bag which he had, even in a scrip; and his sling was in his hand: and he drew near to the Philistine.

The five smooth stones from the brook have generated much speculation - provision for Goliath's four brothers, or simple prudence? The shepherd's bag (yalqut) and sling represented David's proven equipment. 'He drew near' to the Philistine begins the climactic confrontation. David approached with weapons that seemed ridiculously inadequate, embodying the principle that God's power is made perfect in weakness.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient slings were devastating weapons in skilled hands, capable of speeds over 100 mph. Slingstones were effective military weapons used throughout the ancient Near East. David's selection of smooth stones shows practiced skill in choosing optimal ammunition.

Reflection Questions

  1. What simple resources has God given you that the world might consider inadequate?
  2. How does David's careful preparation coexist with his complete trust in God?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 22 words
וַיִּקַּ֨ח1 of 22

And he took

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

מַקְל֜וֹ2 of 22

his staff

H4731

a shoot, i.e., stick (with leaves on, or for walking, striking, guiding, divining)

בְיָד֑וֹ3 of 22

in his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

וַיִּבְחַר4 of 22

and chose

H977

properly, to try, i.e., (by implication) select

ל֣וֹ5 of 22
H0
חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה6 of 22

him five

H2568

five

חַלֻּקֵֽי7 of 22

smooth

H2512

smooth

אֲבָנִ֣ים׀8 of 22

stones

H68

a stone

מִן9 of 22
H4480

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

הַנַּ֡חַל10 of 22

out of the brook

H5158

a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)

וַיָּ֣שֶׂם11 of 22

and put

H7760

to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)

אֹ֠תָם12 of 22
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בִּכְלִ֨י13 of 22

bag

H3627

something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)

הָֽרֹעִ֧ים14 of 22

them in a shepherd's

H7462

to tend a flock; i.e., pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a frie

אֲשֶׁר15 of 22
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

ל֛וֹ16 of 22
H0
וּבַיַּלְק֖וּט17 of 22

which he had even in a scrip

H3219

a travelling pouch (as if for gleanings)

וְקַלְּע֣וֹ18 of 22

and his sling

H7050

a (door) screen (as if slung across), or the valve (of the door) itself

בְיָד֑וֹ19 of 22

in his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

וַיִּגַּ֖שׁ20 of 22

and he drew near

H5066

to be or come (causatively, bring) near (for any purpose); euphemistically, to lie with a woman; as an enemy, to attack; religious to worship; causati

אֶל21 of 22
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃22 of 22

to the Philistine

H6430

a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 17:40 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 17:40 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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