King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 14:23 Mean?

1 Samuel 14:23 in the King James Version says “So the LORD saved Israel that day: and the battle passed over unto Bethaven. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 14 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

So the LORD saved Israel that day: and the battle passed over unto Bethaven.

1 Samuel 14:23 · KJV


Context

21

Moreover the Hebrews that were with the Philistines before that time, which went up with them into the camp from the country round about, even they also turned to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan.

22

Likewise all the men of Israel which had hid themselves in mount Ephraim, when they heard that the Philistines fled, even they also followed hard after them in the battle.

23

So the LORD saved Israel that day: and the battle passed over unto Bethaven.

24

And the men of Israel were distressed that day: for Saul had adjured the people, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth any food until evening, that I may be avenged on mine enemies. So none of the people tasted any food.

25

And all they of the land came to a wood; and there was honey upon the ground.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
So the LORD saved Israel that day: and the battle passed over unto Beth-aven.

The narrator's theological summary - 'So the LORD saved Israel that day' - attributes victory entirely to divine action despite the human participants. The Hebrew yasha ('saved') declares Yahweh as sole deliverer. The battle 'passed over unto Beth-aven' indicates pursuit extending miles west of the initial engagement. This comprehensive statement of divine salvation frames all the human activity within God's sovereign purpose. Jonathan's faith, the panic, the pursuit - all instruments of Yahweh's salvation.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Beth-aven ('house of wickedness') was near Bethel in the hill country west of Michmash. The battle's extension to this region indicates significant Philistine retreat. The phrase 'the LORD saved Israel' uses the same verb that defines the judges' function and anticipates David's victories.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the statement 'the LORD saved Israel' affect our understanding of human contribution to victory?
  2. What does it mean to participate in what God accomplishes while giving Him full credit?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וַיּ֧וֹשַׁע1 of 11

saved

H3467

properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e., (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor

יְהוָ֛ה2 of 11

So the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

בַּיּ֥וֹם3 of 11

that day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הַה֖וּא4 of 11
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

אֶת5 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל6 of 11

Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

וְהַ֨מִּלְחָמָ֔ה7 of 11

and the battle

H4421

a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)

עָֽבְרָ֖ה8 of 11

passed over

H5674

to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

אֶת9 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בֵּ֥ית10 of 11
H0
אָֽוֶן׃11 of 11

unto Bethaven

H1007

beth-aven, a place in palestine


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 14:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 14:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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