King James Version

What Does 1 Kings 4:20 Mean?

1 Kings 4:20 in the King James Version says “Judah and Israel were many, as the sand which is by the sea in multitude, eating and drinking, and making merry. — study this verse from 1 Kings chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Judah and Israel were many, as the sand which is by the sea in multitude, eating and drinking, and making merry.

1 Kings 4:20 · KJV


Context

18

Shimei the son of Elah, in Benjamin:

19

Geber the son of Uri was in the country of Gilead, in the country of Sihon king of the Amorites, and of Og king of Bashan; and he was the only officer which was in the land.

20

Judah and Israel were many, as the sand which is by the sea in multitude, eating and drinking, and making merry.

21

And Solomon reigned over all kingdoms from the river unto the land of the Philistines, and unto the border of Egypt: they brought presents, and served Solomon all the days of his life.

22

And Solomon's provision for one day was thirty measures of fine flour, and threescore measures of meal, provision: Heb. bread measures: Heb. cors


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Judah and Israel were many, as the sand which is by the sea in multitude, eating and drinking, and making merry.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of solomon's administration and prosperity, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the temple as God's dwelling place help us understand Christ's incarnation and the church as God's temple today?
  2. What does Solomon's prayer and dedication teach about approaching God in worship and prayer?
  3. How does this verse point toward or prepare for the coming of Christ and His eternal kingdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
יְהוּדָ֤ה1 of 11

Judah

H3063

jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

וְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙2 of 11

and Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

רַבִּ֔ים3 of 11

were many

H7227

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

כַּח֥וֹל4 of 11

as the sand

H2344

sand (as round or whirling particles)

אֲשֶׁר5 of 11
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

עַל6 of 11
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הַיָּ֖ם7 of 11

which is by the sea

H3220

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif

לָרֹ֑ב8 of 11

in multitude

H7230

abundance (in any respect)

אֹֽכְלִ֥ים9 of 11

eating

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

וְשֹׁתִ֖ים10 of 11

and drinking

H8354

to imbibe (literally or figuratively)

וּשְׂמֵחִֽים׃11 of 11

and making merry

H8056

blithe or gleeful


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Kings 4:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Kings 4:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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