King James Version

What Does 1 Kings 19:5 Mean?

1 Kings 19:5 in the King James Version says “And as he lay and slept under a juniper tree, behold, then an angel touched him, and said unto him, Arise and eat. — study this verse from 1 Kings chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And as he lay and slept under a juniper tree, behold, then an angel touched him, and said unto him, Arise and eat.

1 Kings 19:5 · KJV


Context

3

And when he saw that, he arose, and went for his life, and came to Beersheba, which belongeth to Judah, and left his servant there.

4

But he himself went a day's journey into the wilderness, and came and sat down under a juniper tree: and he requested for himself that he might die; and said, It is enough; now, O LORD, take away my life; for I am not better than my fathers. for himself: Heb. for his life

5

And as he lay and slept under a juniper tree, behold, then an angel touched him, and said unto him, Arise and eat.

6

And he looked, and, behold, there was a cake baken on the coals, and a cruse of water at his head. And he did eat and drink, and laid him down again. head: Heb. bolster

7

And the angel of the LORD came again the second time, and touched him, and said, Arise and eat; because the journey is too great for thee.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And as he lay and slept under a juniper tree, behold, then an angel touched him, and said unto him, Arise and eat.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of elijah flees to horeb, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage illustrate the importance of complete obedience to God's word without compromise?
  2. What does Elijah's ministry reveal about God's character and His commitment to His covenant people?
  3. How does this verse point toward or prepare for the coming of Christ and His eternal kingdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙1 of 14

And as he lay

H7901

to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)

וַיִּישַׁ֔ן2 of 14

and slept

H3462

properly, to be slack or languid, i.e., (by implication) sleep (figuratively, to die); also to grow old, stale or inveterate

תַּ֖חַת3 of 14
H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

רֹ֣תֶם4 of 14

juniper tree

H7574

the spanish broom (from its pole-like stems)

אֶחָ֑ד5 of 14

under a

H259

properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

וְהִנֵּה6 of 14
H2009

lo!

זֶ֤ה7 of 14
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

מַלְאָךְ֙8 of 14

behold then an angel

H4397

a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)

נֹגֵ֣עַ9 of 14

touched

H5060

properly, to touch, i.e., lay the hand upon (for any purpose; euphemistically, to lie with a woman); by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive

בּ֔וֹ10 of 14
H0
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר11 of 14

him and said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

ל֖וֹ12 of 14
H0
ק֥וּם13 of 14

unto him Arise

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

אֱכֽוֹל׃14 of 14

and eat

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Kings 19:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Kings 19:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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