About Zephaniah

Zephaniah proclaims the approaching Day of the Lord with its judgment, yet ends with a joyful promise of restoration.

Author: ZephaniahWritten: c. 640-621 BCReading time: ~2 minVerses: 15
Day of the LordJudgmentRemnantJoyRestorationHumility

King James Version

Zephaniah 2

15 verses with commentary

A Call to Repentance

Gather yourselves together, yea, gather together, O nation not desired; not: or, not desirous

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Gather yourselves together</strong> (הִתְקוֹשְׁשׁוּ וָקוֹשּׁוּ hitqosheshu vaqoshu)—The doubled verb intensifies the urgency: 'gather, yes gather!' This unusual Hebrew root may suggest collecting stubble before it's burned, giving the phrase poignant irony.<br><br><strong>O nation not desired</strong> (הַגּוֹי לֹא נִכְסָף hagoy lo nikhsaf)—'Not desired' or 'having no shame/longing.' Judah ...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com. Used by Permission. Bible Hub

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16. Thy God ... will deliver thee--**The heathen believed in the interposition of the gods at times in favor of their worshippers. Darius recognized Daniel's God as a god, but not the only true God. He had heard of the deliverance of the three youths in Da 3:26, 27 and hence augurs Daniel's deliverance. I am not my own master, and cannot deliver thee, however much I wish it. "Thy God will." King...
Read full commentary →

Before the decree bring forth, before the day pass as the chaff, before the fierce anger of the LORD come upon you, before the day of the LORD'S anger come upon you.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Before the decree bring forth</strong> (בְּטֶרֶם לֶדֶת חֹק beterem ledet choq)—'Before the decree gives birth'—vivid imagery of inevitable judgment gestating toward delivery. Once God's decree 'gives birth,' repentance comes too late.<br><br><strong>Before the day pass as the chaff</strong> (כְּמֹץ ke'motz)—Chaff, the worthless husks winnowed away, symbolizes the wicked in Psalm 1:4. The d...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17. stone ... sealed--**typical of Christ's entombment under a seal (Mt 27:66). Divinely ordered, that the deliverance might be the more striking. **his own signet, and ... of his lords--**The concurrence of the lords was required for making laws. In this kingly power had fallen since it was in Nebuchadnezzar's hands. The Median king is a puppet in his lords' hands; they take the security of t...
Read full commentary →

Seek ye the LORD, all ye meek of the earth, which have wrought his judgment; seek righteousness, seek meekness: it may be ye shall be hid in the day of the LORD'S anger.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Seek ye the LORD, all ye meek of the earth</strong> (בַּקְּשׁוּ אֶת־יְהוָה כָּל־עַנְוֵי הָאָרֶץ baqshu et-YHWH kol-anvei ha'aretz)—A threefold 'seek' follows: seek the LORD, seek righteousness, seek meekness. The 'meek' (anvei) are not weak but those who have submitted to God's authority.<br><br><strong>Which have wrought his judgment</strong>—Those who have already obeyed God's <em>mishpa...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**18. neither were instruments of music, &amp;c.--**Gesenius translates, "concubines." Daniel's mentioning to us as an extraordinary thing of Darius, that he neither approached his table nor his harem, agrees with Xenophon's picture of him as devoted to wine and women, vain, and without self-control. He is sorry for the evil which he himself had caused, yet takes no steps to remedy it. There are m...
Read full commentary →

Judgment on the Nations

For Gaza shall be forsaken, and Ashkelon a desolation: they shall drive out Ashdod at the noon day, and Ekron shall be rooted up.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For Gaza shall be forsaken, and Ashkelon a desolation</strong> (עֲזָה עֲזוּבָה תִהְיֶה Azah azuvah tihyeh)—A Hebrew wordplay: 'Gaza' (Azah) sounds like 'forsaken' (azuvah). Similarly, Ekron is 'rooted up' (te'aqer), using assonance for emphasis. The Philistine pentapolis (Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath) dominated Judah's coastal plain.<br><br><strong>They shall drive out Ashdod at the...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

19. His grief overcame his fear of the nobles.

Woe unto the inhabitants of the sea coast, the nation of the Cherethites! the word of the LORD is against you; O Canaan, the land of the Philistines, I will even destroy thee, that there shall be no inhabitant.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Woe unto the inhabitants of the sea coast, the nation of the Cherethites</strong> (הוֹי יֹשְׁבֵי חֶבֶל הַיָּם goy Kerethim)—The Cherethites were Philistines from Crete (Ezekiel 25:16, Amos 9:7), giving archaeological support to their Aegean origin. The 'woe' (hoy) is a funeral lament, mourning them as already dead.<br><br><strong>O Canaan, the land of the Philistines</strong>—Calling Phili...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20. living God--**having life Himself, and able to preserve thy life; contrasted with the lifeless idols. Darius borrowed the phrase from Daniel; God extorting from an idolater a confession of the truth. **thou servest continually--**in times of persecution, as well as in times of peace. **is thy God ... able--**the language of doubt, yet hope.

And the sea coast shall be dwellings and cottages for shepherds, and folds for flocks.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the sea coast shall be dwellings and cottages for shepherds, and folds for flocks</strong> (keroth neot ro'im u'gederot tson)—Devastated Philistine territory would return to pastoral simplicity. The Hebrew <em>keroth</em> (caves/excavations) suggests shepherds using ruins for shelter.<br><br>This verse depicts eschatological reversal: once-mighty cities become sheep pastures, embodying...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

21. Daniel might have indulged in anger at the king, but does not; his sole thought is, God's glory has been set forth in his deliverance.

And the coast shall be for the remnant of the house of Judah; they shall feed thereupon: in the houses of Ashkelon shall they lie down in the evening: for the LORD their God shall visit them, and turn away their captivity . for the LORD: or, when, etc

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the coast shall be for the remnant of the house of Judah</strong> (ve'hayah chevel liSh'erit beit Yehudah)—God promises dispossessed Philistine territory to Judah's remnant. The Hebrew <em>she'erit</em> (remnant) is a key prophetic concept: God always preserves a faithful minority (Isaiah 10:20-22, Romans 9:27, 11:5).<br><br><strong>The LORD their God shall visit them, and turn away th...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22. his angel--**the instrument, not the author, of his deliverance (Psa 91:11; 34:7). **shut ... lions' mouths--**(He 11:33). So spiritually, God will shut the roaring lion's mouth (1Pe 5:8) for His servants. **forasmuch as before him innocency--**not absolutely (in Da 9:7, 18 he disclaims such a plea), but relatively to this case. God has attested the justice of my cause in standing up for...
Read full commentary →

I have heard the reproach of Moab, and the revilings of the children of Ammon, whereby they have reproached my people, and magnified themselves against their border.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I have heard the reproach of Moab, and the revilings of the children of Ammon</strong> (shamati cherpat Moav ve'gidufei benei Ammon)—God hears when His people are mocked. 'Reproach' (cherpah) and 'revilings' (gidufei) are strong terms for blasphemous taunting, not mere criticism.<br><br><strong>Whereby they have reproached my people, and magnified themselves against their border</strong>—M...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**23. because he believed--**"Faith" is stated in He 11:33 to have been his actuating principle: a prelude to the Gospel. His belief was not with a view to a miraculous deliverance. He shut his eyes to the event, committing the keeping of his soul to God, in well-doing, as unto a faithful Creator (1Pe 4:19), sure of deliverance in a better life, if not in this.

Therefore as I live, saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, Surely Moab shall be as Sodom, and the children of Ammon as Gomorrah, even the breeding of nettles, and saltpits , and a perpetual desolation: the residue of my people shall spoil them, and the remnant of my people shall possess them.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Therefore as I live, saith the LORD of hosts</strong> (chai-ani ne'um YHWH tseva'ot)—God swears by His own life, the strongest possible oath (Hebrews 6:13). His own existence guarantees this judgment. 'LORD of hosts' emphasizes His command over heavenly armies.<br><br><strong>Surely Moab shall be as Sodom, and the children of Ammon as Gomorrah</strong>—The fate of Lot's descendants mirrors...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

24. (De 19:19; Pr 19:5). **accused--**literally, "devoured the bones and flesh." It was just that they who had torn Daniel's character, and sought the tearing of his person, should be themselves given to be torn in pieces (Pr 11:8). **their children--**Among the Persians, all the kindred were involved in the guilt of one culprit. The Mosaic law expressly forbade this (De 24:16; 2Ki 14:6). **...
Read full commentary →

This shall they have for their pride, because they have reproached and magnified themselves against the people of the LORD of hosts.

View commentary

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>This shall they have for their pride</strong> (zot lahem tachat ge'onam)—Pride (ga'on) is the root sin behind their mockery. Hebrew <em>ga'on</em> means arrogance, haughtiness, the opposite of the 'meekness' God requires (Zephaniah 2:3).<br><br><strong>Because they have reproached and magnified themselves against the people of the LORD of hosts</strong>—The verse repeats 2:8's accusation, ...
Read full commentary →

The LORD will be terrible unto them: for he will famish all the gods of the earth; and men shall worship him, every one from his place, even all the isles of the heathen. famish: Heb. make lean

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The LORD will be terrible unto them</strong> (nora YHWH aleihem)—'Terrible' (nora) means fearsome, awe-inspiring, even dreadful. This anticipates God's final revelation when every knee will bow (Philippians 2:10-11), not from love but from sheer terror for many.<br><br><strong>For he will famish all the gods of the earth</strong> (ki razah et kol elohei ha'aretz)—'Famish' (razah) means to ...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

26. Stronger than the decree (Da 3:29). That was negative; this, positive; not merely men must say "nothing amiss of," but must "fear before God."

Ye Ethiopians also, ye shall be slain by my sword.

View commentary

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Ye Ethiopians also, ye shall be slain by my sword</strong> (gam-atem Kushiim chalalei charbi hemah)—A terse, sudden announcement. 'Ethiopians' (Kushim) refers to Nubia/Cush, south of Egypt, ruling Egypt during the 25th Dynasty (715-663 BC).<br><br>The brevity is striking—no explanation, no elaboration. God's sword (charbi) indicates direct divine agency, though executed through human armie...
Read full commentary →

And he will stretch out his hand against the north, and destroy Assyria; and will make Nineveh a desolation, and dry like a wilderness.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he will stretch out his hand against the north, and destroy Assyria</strong> (ve'yet yado al-tsafon ve'yoved et-Ashur)—The 'north' refers to invasion routes into Israel. Assyria, the superpower that destroyed the Northern Kingdom (722 BC), seemed invincible. Yet God will 'stretch out his hand'—a gesture of sovereign power.<br><br><strong>And will make Nineveh a desolation, and dry like...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

28. It was in the third year of Cyrus that Daniel's visions (Da 10:1-12:13) were given. Daniel "prospered" because of his prophecies (Ezr 1:1, 2).

And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of the nations: both the cormorant and the bittern shall lodge in the upper lintels of it; their voice shall sing in the windows; desolation shall be in the thresholds: for he shall uncover the cedar work. cormorant: or, pelican upper: or, knops, or, chapiters for: or, when he hath uncovered

View commentary

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her</strong>—Nineveh's streets would become pastures. <strong>All the beasts of the nations</strong> likely means 'wild animals of every kind' rather than military nations.<br><br><strong>Both the cormorant and the bittern</strong> (qa'at ve'qippod)—These are water birds, possibly pelicans and hedgehogs (translations vary). <strong>Shall lodge in t...
Read full commentary →

This is the rejoicing city that dwelt carelessly, that said in her heart, I am, and there is none beside me: how is she become a desolation, a place for beasts to lie down in! every one that passeth by her shall hiss, and wag his hand.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>This is the rejoicing city that dwelt carelessly</strong> (zot ha'ir ha'alizah hayoshevet la'vetach)—'Rejoicing' (alizah) implies boastful revelry. 'Carelessly' (la'vetach) means false security, complacency. Nineveh assumed her power was unassailable.<br><br><strong>That said in her heart, I am, and there is none beside me</strong> (ani ve'afsi od)—This echoes the self-deification of Isaia...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 7 Da 7:1-28. Vision of the Four Beasts. This chapter treats of the same subject as the second chapter. But there the four kingdoms, and Messiah's final kingdom, were regarded according to their external political aspect, but here according to the mind of God concerning them, and their moral features. The outward political history had been shown in its general features to the world ruler,...
Read full commentary →

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study