King James Version

What Does Zephaniah 2:14 Mean?

Zephaniah 2:14 in the King James Version says “And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of the nations: both the cormorant and the bittern shall l... — study this verse from Zephaniah chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of the nations: both the cormorant and the bittern shall lodge in the upper lintels of it; their voice shall sing in the windows; desolation shall be in the thresholds: for he shall uncover the cedar work. cormorant: or, pelican upper: or, knops, or, chapiters for: or, when he hath uncovered

Zephaniah 2:14 · KJV


Context

12

Ye Ethiopians also, ye shall be slain by my sword.

13

And he will stretch out his hand against the north, and destroy Assyria; and will make Nineveh a desolation, and dry like a wilderness.

14

And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of the nations: both the cormorant and the bittern shall lodge in the upper lintels of it; their voice shall sing in the windows; desolation shall be in the thresholds: for he shall uncover the cedar work. cormorant: or, pelican upper: or, knops, or, chapiters for: or, when he hath uncovered

15

This is the rejoicing city that dwelt carelessly, that said in her heart, I am, and there is none beside me: how is she become a desolation, a place for beasts to lie down in! every one that passeth by her shall hiss, and wag his hand.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her—Nineveh's streets would become pastures. All the beasts of the nations likely means 'wild animals of every kind' rather than military nations.

Both the cormorant and the bittern (qa'at ve'qippod)—These are water birds, possibly pelicans and hedgehogs (translations vary). Shall lodge in the upper lintels of it—Birds nesting in abandoned palace doorframes depict utter desolation. Their voice shall sing in the windows; desolation shall be in the thresholds—Instead of human voices, bird calls. Instead of royal processions, rubble. For he shall uncover the cedar work—Nineveh's palaces featured cedar paneling (imported from Lebanon). Exposure to weather meant total ruin. Isaiah 34:11-15 uses similar imagery for Edom's judgment.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Excavations at Nineveh (modern-day Mosul, Iraq) confirm the prophecy's accuracy. The site was buried under dirt mounds for centuries, inhabited only by animals. Ashurbanipal's palace, once glorious with cedar and alabaster, lay in ruins exactly as described—exposed 'cedar work' visible in archaeological remains.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the image of birds nesting in palace ruins teach about the temporary nature of human glory?
  2. How does God's specific attention to details like 'cedar work' demonstrate the precision of His prophetic word?
  3. Where do you see modern 'Ninevehs'—powerful institutions or systems that seem permanent but face inevitable judgment?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 20 words
וְרָבְצ֨וּ1 of 20

shall lie down

H7257

to crouch (on all four legs folded, like a recumbent animal); by implication, to recline, repose, brood, lurk, imbed

בְתוֹכָ֤הּ2 of 20

in the midst

H8432

a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center

עֲדָרִים֙3 of 20

And flocks

H5739

an arrangement, i.e., muster (of animals)

כָּל4 of 20
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

חַיְתוֹ5 of 20

of her all the beasts

H2416

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin

ג֔וֹי6 of 20

of the nations

H1471

a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

גַּם7 of 20
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

קָאַת֙8 of 20

both the cormorant

H6893

probably the pelican (from vomiting)

גַּם9 of 20
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

קִפֹּ֔ד10 of 20

and the bittern

H7090

a species of bird, perhaps the bittern (from its contracted form)

בְּכַפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָ11 of 20

in the upper lintels

H3730

a chaplet; but used only in an architectonic sense, i.e., the capital of a column, or a wreath-like button or disk on the candelabrum

יָלִ֑ינוּ12 of 20

shall lodge

H3885

to stop (usually over night); by implication, to stay permanently; hence (in a bad sense) to be obstinate (especially in words, to complain)

ק֠וֹל13 of 20

of it their voice

H6963

a voice or sound

יְשׁוֹרֵ֤ר14 of 20

shall sing

H7891

to sing

בַּֽחַלּוֹן֙15 of 20

in the windows

H2474

a window (as perforated)

חֹ֣רֶב16 of 20

desolation

H2721

drought or desolation

בַּסַּ֔ף17 of 20

shall be in the thresholds

H5592

a vestibule (as a limit); also a dish (for holding blood or wine)

כִּ֥י18 of 20
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אַרְזָ֖ה19 of 20

the cedar work

H731

cedar wainscoating

עֵרָֽה׃20 of 20

for he shall uncover

H6168

to be (causatively, make) bare; hence, to empty, pour out, demolish


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Zephaniah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Zephaniah 2:14 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Zephaniah 2:14 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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