About Lamentations

Lamentations is a collection of funeral poems mourning the destruction of Jerusalem, yet finding hope in God's faithfulness.

Author: JeremiahWritten: c. 586 BCReading time: ~3 minVerses: 22
GriefJudgmentFaithfulnessHopeConfessionPrayer

King James Version

Lamentations 4

22 verses with commentary

The Horrors of the Siege

How is the gold become dim! how is the most fine gold changed! the stones of the sanctuary are poured out in the top of every street.

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KJV Study Commentary

Chapter 4 opens with shocking imagery: "How is the gold become dim! how is the most fine gold changed!" (<em>eikah yugam zahav yishneh ha-ketem ha-tov</em>, אֵיכָה יוּגַם זָהָב יִשְׁנֶא הַכֶּתֶם הַטּוֹב). Gold symbolized the temple's glory and purity. <em>Ketem</em> (כֶּתֶם) refers to pure, refined gold. The tarnishing of gold—inherently resistant to corrosion—represents a cosmic disorder, an unna...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

IV. (1) **How is the gold . . .**—The chapter, considered as a distinct poem, reproduces in its general character that of Lamentations 1, 2, differing from them, however, in tracing more fully the connection between the sufferings and the sins of Judah. The “gold” and the *stones of holiness *are none other than the material treasures of palace or temple, and the repetition of the phrase “in the t...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. bring again ... Jeconiah--**not necessarily implying that Hananiah wished Zedekiah to be superseded by Jeconiah. The main point intended was that the restoration from Babylon should be complete. But, doubtless, the false prophet foretold Jeconiah's return (2Ki 24:12-15), to ingratiate himself with the populace, with whom Jeconiah was a favorite (see on Jr 22:24).

The precious sons of Zion, comparable to fine gold, how are they esteemed as earthen pitchers, the work of the hands of the potter!

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KJV Study Commentary

A devastating comparison: "The precious sons of Zion, comparable to fine gold, how are they esteemed as earthen pitchers, the work of the hands of the potter!" (<em>benei-Tsiyon ha-yekahrim ha-mesulaim ba-paz eikah nechshevu le-nivlei-cheres ma'aseh yedei yotser</em>). The "precious sons" (<em>benei ha-yekarim</em>) were valued as fine gold (<em>paz</em>, פָּז—the purest gold). Now they're regarde...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **The precious sons of Zion . . .**—The adjective is applied not to a special class, priests, nobles, or the like, but to all the *“*sons of Zion” in their ideal character as a “kingdom of priests” (Exodus 19:6). They had been “comparable to” (literally, *weighed with*)*, i.e., *equal to their weight in, fine gold, the work of God. Now they had became as “earthen pitchers,” the work of the pot...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. the prophet Jeremiah--**the epithet, "the prophet," is prefixed to "Jeremiah" throughout this chapter, to correspond to the same epithet before "Hananiah"; except in Jr 28:12, where "the prophet" has been inserted in English Version. The rival claims of the true and the false prophet are thus put in the more prominent contrast.

Even the sea monsters draw out the breast, they give suck to their young ones: the daughter of my people is become cruel, like the ostriches in the wilderness. sea: or, sea calves

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KJV Study Commentary

Unnatural cruelty: "Even the sea monsters draw out the breast, they give suck to their young ones: the daughter of my people is become cruel, like the ostriches in the wilderness" (<em>gam-taninim chaltsו shenuk gureichem bat-ami le-achzar ka-ye'enim ba-midbar</em>). "Sea monsters" (<em>taninim</em>, תַּנִּינִים) likely refers to jackals or other wild animals. Even these creatures nurse their youn...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Even the sea monsters . . .**—Better, *jackals. *The Authorised Version is intended apparently to apply to cetaceous mammals; elsewhere (Jeremiah 14:6) the word is rendered “dragons.” “Jackals,” it may be noted, are combined with “owls” or *“*ostriches,” as they are here, in Job 30:29; Isaiah 13:21. A like reference to the seeming want of maternal instinct in the ostrich is found in Job 39:1...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. Amen--**Jeremiah prays for the people, though constrained to prophesy against them (1Ki 1:36). The event was the appointed test between contradictory predictions (De 18:21, 22). "Would that what you say were true!" I prefer the safety of my country even to my own estimation. The prophets had no pleasure in announcing God's judgment, but did so as a matter of stern duty, not thereby divesting ...
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The tongue of the sucking child cleaveth to the roof of his mouth for thirst: the young children ask bread, and no man breaketh it unto them.

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KJV Study Commentary

The siege's horror appears in innocent suffering: "The tongue of the sucking child cleaveth to the roof of his mouth for thirst" (<em>lashon yonek davak el-chikko ba-tsama</em>, לְשׁוֹן יוֹנֵק דָּבַק אֶל־חִכּוֹ בַּצָּמָא). The nursing infant (<em>yonek</em>, יוֹנֵק) represents complete innocence and helplessness. The verb <em>davak</em> (דָּבַק, "cleave, stick") suggests the tongue is literally st...
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They that did feed delicately are desolate in the streets: they that were brought up in scarlet embrace dunghills.

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KJV Study Commentary

Those raised delicately desolate; those in scarlet embrace dunghills. Complete status reversal. Pride humbled.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **They that were brought up . . .**—Literally, *that were carried *(as children are carried). “Scarlet” as in 2Samuel 1:24, stands for the shawls or garments of the rich, dyed, as they were, in the Tyrian purple or crimson. Those that had been once wrapped in such shawls now threw themselves, “embracing” them as their only refuge, on dunghills.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8. prophets ... before me--**Hosea, Joel, Amos, and others. **evil--**a few manuscripts, read "famine," which is more usually associated with the specification of war and pestilence (Jr 15:2; 18:21; 27:8, 13). But evil here includes all the calamities flowing from war, not merely famine, but also desolation, &amp;c. Evil, being the more difficult reading, is less likely to be the interpolated ...
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For the punishment of the iniquity of the daughter of my people is greater than the punishment of the sin of Sodom, that was overthrown as in a moment, and no hands stayed on her. punishment of the iniquity: or, iniquity

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KJV Study Commentary

A comparative judgment: "For the punishment of the iniquity of the daughter of my people is greater than the punishment of the sin of Sodom" (<em>vayigdal avon bat-ami me-chatat Sedom</em>, וַיִּגְדַּל עֲוֺן בַּת־עַמִּי מֵחַטַּאת סְדֹם). Sodom's destruction was sudden—"that was overthrown as in a moment, and no hands stayed on her" (<em>hahefekhah ke-mo rega velo-khalu vah yadayim</em>). Genesis 1...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **The punishment of the iniquity.**—Better, *The iniquity of the daughter of my people was greater than the sin of Sodom. *The words in both cases point to guilt rather than its penalty, though, as the context shows, the greatness of the former is inferred from that of the latter. The point of comparison was that Sodom was not doomed to a protracted misery, like that which had been the lot of ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. peace--**Hananiah had given no warning as to the need of conversion, but had foretold prosperity unconditionally. Jeremiah does not say that all are true prophets who foretell truths in any instance (which De 13:1, 2, disproves); but asserts only the converse, namely, that whoever, as Hananiah, predicts what the event does not confirm, is a false prophet. There are two tests of prophets: (1) ...
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Her Nazarites were purer than snow, they were whiter than milk, they were more ruddy in body than rubies, their polishing was of sapphire:

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KJV Study Commentary

Nazarites purer than snow, whiter than milk, ruddier than rubies—now blacker than coal. Sin degrades.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **Her Nazarites . . .**—The word has been rendered “princes” by some commentators, on the ground that it means literally those who are “separated” from their brethren (Genesis 49:26; Deuteronomy 33:16), whether by rank or by the vows of consecration. There is no reason, however, for abandoning the rendering of the Authorised version. The reference to the Nazarites in Amos 2:11-12 shows that th...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. the yoke--**(Jr 27:2). Impious audacity to break what God had appointed as a solemn pledge of the fulfilment of His word. Hence Jeremiah deigns no reply (Jr 28:11; Mt 7:6).

Their visage is blacker than a coal; they are not known in the streets: their skin cleaveth to their bones; it is withered, it is become like a stick. blacker: Heb. darker than blackness

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KJV Study Commentary

Visage blacker than coal, unrecognized in streets. Famine physical toll. Skin shriveled on bones.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **Their visage is blacker . . .**—We look, as it were, on the two pictures: the bloom and beauty of health, the wan, worn, spectral looks of starvation.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11. neck of all nations--**opposed to Jr 27:7.

They that be slain with the sword are better than they that be slain with hunger: for these pine away, stricken through for want of the fruits of the field. pine: Heb. flow out

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KJV Study Commentary

Better die by sword than famine. Quick death more merciful than slow starvation. Ultimate suffering comparison.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **For want of . . .**—The italics indicate the difficulty of the sentence. Literally the clause stands, *from the fruits of the field, *and it has been explained by some as referring to those that died in battle, *stricken through while yet there were fruits, i.e., *not doomed to perish slowly from hunger. The construction of Psalm 109:24, however, “faileth of fatness”—*i.e., *for want of fatn...
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The hands of the pitiful women have sodden their own children: they were their meat in the destruction of the daughter of my people.

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KJV Study Commentary

The most horrific verse: "The hands of the pitiful women have sodden their own children: they were their meat in the destruction of the daughter of my people" (<em>yedei nashim rakhaniyot bishlu yaldeihen hayu le-varoth lamo be-shever bat-ami</em>, יְדֵי נָשִׁים רַחֲמָנִיּוֹת בִּשְּׁלוּ יַלְדֵיהֶן הָיוּ לְבָרוֹת לָמוֹ בְּשֶׁבֶר בַּת־עַמִּי). The term <em>rachamaniyot</em> (רַחֲמָנִיּוֹת, "pitiful,...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **The hands of the pitiful women**.—See Note on Lamentations 2:20.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**13. Thou hast broken ... wood ... thou shalt make ... iron--**Not here, "Thou hast broken ... wood," and "I will make ... iron" (compare Jr 28:16). The same false prophets who, by urging the Jews to rebel, had caused them to throw off the then comparatively easy yoke of Babylon, thereby brought on them a more severe yoke imposed by that city. "Yokes of iron," alluding to De 28:48. It is better t...
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The LORD hath accomplished his fury; he hath poured out his fierce anger, and hath kindled a fire in Zion, and it hath devoured the foundations thereof.

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KJV Study Commentary

Chapter 4 opens with divine judgment executed: <strong>"The LORD hath accomplished his fury; he hath poured out his fierce anger, and hath kindled a fire in Zion, and it hath devoured the foundations thereof."</strong> The Hebrew <em>killah YHWH et-chamato shafakh charon apo vayyatset-esh be-Tsiyon vatochal yesodoteha</em> emphasizes completed action. <em>Killah</em> (כִּלָּה, "accomplished, compl...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **And hath kindled a fire . . .**—The phrase is partly literal (2Chronicles 36:19), partly figurative, for the complete destruction of Jerusalem by the wrath of Jehovah.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14. I have put--**Though Hananiah and those like him were secondary instruments in bringing the iron yoke on Judea, God was the great First Cause (Jr 27:4-7).

The kings of the earth, and all the inhabitants of the world, would not have believed that the adversary and the enemy should have entered into the gates of Jerusalem.

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KJV Study Commentary

Universal shock at Jerusalem's fall: <strong>"The kings of the earth, and all the inhabitants of the world, would not have believed that the adversary and the enemy should have entered into the gates of Jerusalem."</strong> The Hebrew <em>lo he'eminu malkei-erets vekhol yoshevei tevel ki yavo tsar veoyev beshaarei Yerushalayim</em> emphasizes the unexpected nature of Jerusalem's fall. <em>Lo he'em...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **Would not have believed.**—In. looking to the fact that Jerusalem had been taken by Shishak (1Kings 14:26), Joash (2Kings 14:13), the statement seems at first hyperbolical. It has to be remembered, however, that since the latter of these two the city had been strongly fortified by Uzziah, Hezekiah, and Manasseh, and the failure of Sennacherib’s attempt had probably led to the impression tha...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15. makest ... trust in a lie--**(Jr 29:31; Eze 13:22).

For the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her priests, that have shed the blood of the just in the midst of her,

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KJV Study Commentary

The cause identified: <strong>"For the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her priests, that have shed the blood of the just in the midst of her."</strong> The Hebrew <em>mechatot neviyeha avonot kohaneyha hashofkhim bekerev dam tsaddiqim</em> assigns specific blame. <em>Mechatot</em> (מֵחַטֹּאת, "because of the sins") and <em>avonot</em> (עֲוֹנוֹת, "iniquities") indicate serious transgres...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **That have shed the blood of the just . . .**—The words point to incidents like the death of Zechariah the son of Jehoiada (2Chronicles 24:21); the “innocent blood” shed by Manasseh (2Kings 21:16); the attempts on Jeremiah’s own life (Jeremiah 26:7); possibly to some unrecorded atrocities during the siege on the part of the priests and false prophets, who looked on the true prophets as trait...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16. this year ... die--**The prediction was uttered in the fifth month (Jr 28:1); Hananiah's death took place in the seventh month, that is, within two months after the prediction, answering with awful significance to the two years in which Hananiah had foretold that the yoke imposed by Babylon would end. **rebellion--**opposition to God's plain direction, that all should submit to Babylon (Jr...
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They have wandered as blind men in the streets, they have polluted themselves with blood, so that men could not touch their garments. so: or, in that they could not but touch

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KJV Study Commentary

Corruption's consequence described: <strong>"They have wandered as blind men in the streets, they have polluted themselves with blood, so that men could not touch their garments."</strong> The Hebrew <em>nau ivrim bachutot nigo'alu badam belo yukhlu yigu bilbusheihem</em> depicts moral and ceremonial defilement. <em>Nau ivrim</em> (נָעוּ עִוְרִים, "they wandered blind") suggests aimless stumbling....
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **They have wandered . . .**—Literally, *reeled. *The blindness, *i.e., *either that of the insatiable lust of blood, or of hopeless despair, or both. (Comp. Deuteronomy 28:28; Jeremiah 23:12; Isaiah 29:10.) The horror of the picture is heightened by the fact that the very garments of the priests were so dripping with blood that men shrank from touching them.

They cried unto them, Depart ye; it is unclean; depart, depart, touch not: when they fled away and wandered, they said among the heathen, They shall no more sojourn there. it: or, ye polluted

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KJV Study Commentary

Social ostracism described: <strong>"They cried unto them, Depart ye; it is unclean; depart, depart, touch not: when they fled away and wandered, they said among the heathen, They shall no more sojourn there."</strong> The Hebrew <em>sur tame karu lamo sur sur al-tigga'u ki natsu gam-nau ameru bagoyim lo yosifu lagur</em> depicts rejection. <em>Sur</em> (סוּר, "depart, turn aside") is repeated thr...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **They cried unto them**—*i.e.,* these, as they passed, cried to the blood-stained priests. The cry “unclean” was that uttered by the leper as a warning to those he met (Leviticus 13:45). Here it comes from those whom they meet, and who start back in their fear of defilement. **When they fled away.**—The words seem to refer to some lost facts, like those suggested by Lamentations 4:14 : the m...
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The anger of the LORD hath divided them; he will no more regard them: they respected not the persons of the priests, they favoured not the elders. anger: or, face

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KJV Study Commentary

Divine rejection confirmed: <strong>"The anger of the LORD hath divided them; he will no more regard them: they respected not the persons of the priests, they favoured not the elders."</strong> The Hebrew <em>penei YHWH chillekam lo yosif lehabbitam penei kohanim lo nas'u zeqenim lo chananu</em> declares God's active dispersal and rejection. <em>Chillekam</em> (חִלְּקָם, "divided them, scattered t...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **The anger of the Lord.**—Literally, *the face, *as the symbol of wrath. **They respected not.**—The subject of the verbs has to be supplied. The enemies, or the heathen, or men in general, ceased to feel any reverence for the fugitive priests and elders.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 29 Jr 29:1-32. Letter of Jeremiah to the Captives in Babylon, to Counteract the Assurances Given by the False Prophets of a Speedy Restoration. **1. residue of the elders--**those still surviving from the time when they were carried to Babylon with Jeconiah; the other elders of the captives had died by either a natural or a violent death.

As for us, our eyes as yet failed for our vain help: in our watching we have watched for a nation that could not save us.

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KJV Study Commentary

False hope remembered: <strong>"As for us, our eyes as yet failed for our vain help: in our watching we have watched for a nation that could not save us."</strong> The Hebrew <em>odeinah tikhlena eineinu el-ezratenu havel bemitsapenu tsippinu el-goy lo yoshi'a</em> confesses misplaced trust. <em>Tikhlena eineinu</em> (תִּכְלֶינָה עֵינֵינוּ, "our eyes failed") indicates exhausting watchfulness that...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **As for us . . .**—Better, *Still do our eyes waste away, looking for our vain help.* **In our watching.**—Better, *upon our watch-tower. *(Comp. Habakkuk 2:1.) The people of Judah are represented as looking out for the approach of an ally, probably Egypt (Jeremiah 37:7), and looking in vain.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. queen--**Nehushta, the queen mother, daughter of Elnathan (2Ki 24:8, 15). (Elnathan, her father, is perhaps the same as the one mentioned in Jr 26:22). She reigned jointly with her son. **princes--**All the men of authority were taken away lest they should organize a rebellion. Jeremiah wrote his letter while the calamity was still recent, to console the captives under it.

They hunt our steps, that we cannot go in our streets: our end is near, our days are fulfilled; for our end is come.

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KJV Study Commentary

The siege's terror described: <strong>"They hunt our steps, that we cannot go in our streets: our end is near, our days are fulfilled; for our end is come."</strong> The Hebrew <em>tsadu tse'adeinu mileches birchevotenu karav kitsenu male'u yameinu ki va kitsenu</em> depicts inescapable doom. <em>Tsadu tse'adeinu</em> (צָדוּ צְעָדֵינוּ, "they hunted our steps") describes enemy surveillance of ever...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **They hunt our steps.**—Better, *They lie in wait. *The words probably point to the posts occupied here and there near the wide places of the city, which led people to avoid them through fear of being attacked. The only cry possible at such a time was that “all was over.”

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. Zedekiah ... sent unto Babylon--**In Jr 51:59, Zedekiah himself goes to Babylon; here he sends ambassadors. Whatever was the object of the embassy, it shows that Zedekiah only reigned at the pleasure of the king of Babylon, who might have restored Jeconiah, had he pleased. Hence, Zedekiah permitted Jeremiah's letter to be sent, not only as being led by Hananiah's death to attach greater credi...
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Our persecutors are swifter than the eagles of the heaven: they pursued us upon the mountains, they laid wait for us in the wilderness.

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KJV Study Commentary

Inescapable pursuit: <strong>"Our persecutors are swifter than the eagles of the heaven: they pursued us upon the mountains, they laid wait for us in the wilderness."</strong> The Hebrew <em>kallu rodefenu minisharei shamayim al-harim delafunu bamidbar arevu lanu</em> uses hunting imagery. <em>Kallu</em> (קַלּוּ, "swift, light") describes speed. <em>Nisharei shamayim</em> (נִשְׁרֵי שָׁמָיִם, "eagl...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **Our persecutors.**—Better, *Our pursuers, *the words referring to the Chaldæan enemies rather than to persecutors in the modern sense of the word. The comparison with eagles has a parallel in Deuteronomy 28:49. If we take the second clause as referring to the flight of Zedekiah, mentioned in the next verse, the mountains would be the heights east of Jerusalem, beginning with the Mount of Ol...
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The breath of our nostrils, the anointed of the LORD, was taken in their pits, of whom we said, Under his shadow we shall live among the heathen.

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KJV Study Commentary

The king's capture lamented: <strong>"The breath of our nostrils, the anointed of the LORD, was taken in their pits, of whom we said, Under his shadow we shall live among the heathen."</strong> The Hebrew <em>ruach appeinu meshiach YHWH nilkad bish</em><em>chototam asher amarnu betsillov nichen'eh vagoyim</em> uses exalted language for the Davidic king. <em>Ruach appeinu</em> (רוּחַ אַפֵּינוּ, "br...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **The breath of our nostrils.**—The “breath of life” of Genesis 2:7. The phrase emphasises the ideal character of the king as the centre of the nation’s life. So Seneca (*Clement. *i. 4) speaks of a ruler as the *spiritus vitalis *of his people. **Of whom we said.—**The words that follow point to the scheme which was rendered abortive by Zedekiah’s capture. Those who followed him had hoped to...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. Build ... houses--**In opposition to the false prophets' suggestions, who told the captives that their captivity would soon cease, Jeremiah tells them that it will be of long duration, and that therefore they should build houses, as Babylon is to be for long their home.

Rejoice and be glad, O daughter of Edom, that dwellest in the land of Uz; the cup also shall pass through unto thee: thou shalt be drunken, and shalt make thyself naked.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Rejoice and be glad, O daughter of Edom</strong> (שִׂישִׂי וְשִׂמְחִי בַּת־אֱדוֹם, sisi vesimchi bat-Edom)—This is biting irony, even sarcasm. Edom rejoiced at Jerusalem's fall (Psalm 137:7; Obadiah 1:12), but their celebration is premature. <strong>The cup also shall pass through unto thee</strong> (גַּם־עָלַיִךְ תַּעֲבָר־כּוֹס, gam-alayikh ta'avor-kos)—'the cup' refers to God's wrath (Is...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **O daughter of Edom.**—The triumph of Edom in the downfall of Zion was, as in Psalms 137, the crowning sorrow of the mourner. But with this sorrow there is a vision of judgment, which is also a vision of hope; the prophet returning to his favourite image of the wine-cup (Jeremiah 25:17). On the “Land of Uz” see Notes on Job 1:1, Jeremiah 25:20. **Shalt make thyself naked.**—See Note on Lamen...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. that ye ... be ... not diminished--**It was God's will that the seed of Abraham should not fail; thus consolation is given them, and the hope, though not of an immediate, yet of an ultimate, return.

The punishment of thine iniquity is accomplished, O daughter of Zion; he will no more carry thee away into captivity: he will visit thine iniquity, O daughter of Edom; he will discover thy sins. The: or, Thine iniquity discover: or, carry thee captive for thy sins

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The punishment of thine iniquity is accomplished, O daughter of Zion</strong> (תַּם־עֲוֹנֵךְ בַּת־צִיּוֹן, tam-avonekh bat-tsiyon)—'Accomplished' (tam) means completed, finished. The judicial sentence has been fully served. <strong>He will no more carry thee away into captivity</strong> (לֹא יוֹסִיף לְהַגְלוֹתֵךְ, lo yosif lehaglotek)—'no more' (lo yosif) promises an end to exile. This is ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **Is accomplished.**—The mourner shares in the Messianic hopes of Isaiah 40:2, and expresses it nearly in the same words. **He will no more carry thee away.**—Interpreted by later history, the words take their place in the list of unfulfilled prophecies, for, like all promises, they were dependent upon implied conditions, and in the rejection of the Christ by the Jews of His time there was a ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

7. (Ezr 6:10; Ro 13:1; 1Ti 2:2). Not only bear the Babylonian yoke patiently, but pray for your masters, that is, while the captivity lasts. God's good time was to come when they were to pray for Babylon's downfall (Jr 51:35; Psa 137:8). They were not to forestall that time. True religion teaches patient submission, not sedition, even though the prince be an unbeliever. In all states of life let u...
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