About Judges

Judges describes the dark period between Joshua and Samuel, showing repeated cycles of sin, oppression, crying out, and deliverance.

Author: Samuel (traditionally)Written: c. 1050-1000 BCReading time: ~3 minVerses: 20
Cycle of SinDeliveranceApostasyGod's GraceHuman FailureLeadership

King James Version

Judges 14

20 verses with commentary

Samson's Marriage

And Samson went down to Timnath, and saw a woman in Timnath of the daughters of the Philistines.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Samson went down to Timnath, and saw a woman in Timnath of the daughters of the Philistines.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and the depths of human weakness through moral compromise. His Nazirite vow (Numbers 6:1-21) set him apart as holy to God, yet ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(1) **To Timnath.**—This town, of which the site still retains the name Tibneh, is perhaps the same as that in Genesis 38:12, unless that be a town in the mountains of Judah, as Judah is there said to have “gone *up” *not as here, “down” to it. In Joshua 15:10 it is assigned to Judah, but appears to have been afterwards ceded to Dan (Joshua 19:45). The name means “a portion,” and is found also in ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**24-32. it came to pass the same night, that the Lord said unto him--**The transaction in which Gideon is here described as engaged was not entered on till the night after the vision.

And he came up, and told his father and his mother, and said, I have seen a woman in Timnath of the daughters of the Philistines: now therefore get her for me to wife.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he came up, and told his father and his mother, and said, I have seen a woman in Timnath of the daughters of the Philistines: now therefore get her for me to wife.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and the depths of human weakness through moral compromis...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **Get her for me to wife.**—These arrangements were always left to parents, who paid the marriage dower (Genesis 34:4-12). (Comp. Judges 12:9; Nehemiah 10:30, &c.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**24-32. it came to pass the same night, that the Lord said unto him--**The transaction in which Gideon is here described as engaged was not entered on till the night after the vision.

Then his father and his mother said unto him, Is there never a woman among the daughters of thy brethren, or among all my people, that thou goest to take a wife of the uncircumcised Philistines? And Samson said unto his father, Get her for me; for she pleaseth me well . pleaseth: Heb. is right in mine eyes

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then his father and his mother said unto him, Is there never a woman among the daughters of thy brethren, or among all my people, that thou goest to take a wife of the uncircumcised Philistines? And Samson said unto his father, Get her for me; for she pleaseth me well.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represen...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Of the uncircumcised Philistines.**—This on the lips of Israelites was a term of peculiar hatred (1Samuel 17:36). How repugnant such a marriage would be in the eyes of Manoah and his wife we may see from the story of Simeon, Levi, and the Shechemites (Gen. xxxiv). **She pleaseth me well.**—Literally, *she is right in my eyes *(Judges 14:7; 1Kings 9:12).

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**24-32. it came to pass the same night, that the Lord said unto him--**The transaction in which Gideon is here described as engaged was not entered on till the night after the vision.

But his father and his mother knew not that it was of the LORD, that he sought an occasion against the Philistines: for at that time the Philistines had dominion over Israel.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But his father and his mother knew not that it was of the LORD, that he sought an occasion against the Philistines: for at that time the Philistines had dominion over Israel.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and the depths of human weakness through moral co...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **That it was of the Lord.**—All that can be meant is that in this marriage God was overruling the course of events to the furtherance of His own designs. He makes even the weakness and the fierceness of man redound to His praise. (Comp. Joshua 11:10; 2Chronicles 25:20.) See the same phrase in the story of Rehoboam’s folly (1Kings 12:15). “Behold this evil is of the Lord,” says Elisha in 2King...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jud 6:33-39. The Signs. **33. all the Midianites ... pitched in Jezreel--**The confederated troops of Midian, Amalek, and their neighbors, crossing the Jordan to make a fresh inroad on Canaan, encamped in the plains of Esdraelon (anciently Jezreel). The southern part of the Ghor lies in a very low level, so that there is a steep and difficult descent into Canaan by the southern wadies. Keeping th...
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Then went Samson down, and his father and his mother, to Timnath, and came to the vineyards of Timnath: and, behold, a young lion roared against him. against: Heb. in meeting him

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then went Samson down, and his father and his mother, to Timnath, and came to the vineyards of Timnath: and, behold, a young lion roared against him.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and the depths of human weakness through moral compromise. His Nazirite vo...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5)**The vineyards of Timnath.**—All this part of Palestine, and especially the neighbouring valley of Sorek (Judges 16:4), was famous for its vines (Isaiah 5:2; Jeremiah 2:21). The hills of Judah, which at that time were laboriously terraced up to the summit, like the hill-sides of the Italian valleys, were peculiarly favourable for vineyards (Genesis 49:11). Now they are bleak and bare by the de...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**34. the Spirit of the Lord came upon Gideon--**Called in this sudden emergency into the public service of his country, he was supernaturally endowed with wisdom and energy commensurate with the magnitude of the danger and the difficulties of his position. His summons to war was enthusiastically obeyed by all the neighboring tribes. On the eve of a perilous enterprise, he sought to fortify his mi...
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And the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him, and he rent him as he would have rent a kid, and he had nothing in his hand: but he told not his father or his mother what he had done.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him, and he rent him as he would have rent a kid, and he had nothing in his hand: but he told not his father or his mother what he had done.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and the depths of human weakness thro...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **The Spirit of the Lord.**—Implying here an access of courage and strength. The verb rendered “came mightily” literally means *pervaded, *as in Judges 14:19, Judges 15:14; 1Samuel 10:10. (Comp. 1Samuel 18:10—of the evil spirit rushing upon Saul; LXX., “leapt upon him;” Vulg., *irruit.*) **Rent him.**—Josephus (with the intention of making his Greek readers think of Hercules and the Nemean lio...
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And he went down, and talked with the woman; and she pleased Samson well .

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he went down, and talked with the woman; and she pleased Samson well.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and the depths of human weakness through moral compromise. His Nazirite vow (Numbers 6:1-21) set him apart as holy to God, yet his persistent violatio...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **Talked with the woman.**—His father and mother seem to have preceded him, and made the betrothal arrangements; otherwise he would not have been allowed by Eastern custom to talk with her. It cannot mean “talked *about *the woman,” as Rosenmüller says.

And after a time he returned to take her, and he turned aside to see the carcase of the lion: and, behold, there was a swarm of bees and honey in the carcase of the lion.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And after a time he returned to take her, and he turned aside to see the carcase of the lion: and, behold, there was a swarm of bees and honey in the carcase of the lion.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and the depths of human weakness through moral compro...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **After a time.**—There is nothing to show how long this time was. A betrothal might last a year. In Judges 11:4 the same phrase (“after days “) is used of many years. **To take her.**—To lead her to his own home after the bridal feast. **A swarm of bees and honey in the carcase of the lion.**—This incident has been questioned, because it is truly said that bees hate all putrescence and decomp...
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And he took thereof in his hands, and went on eating, and came to his father and mother, and he gave them, and they did eat: but he told not them that he had taken the honey out of the carcase of the lion.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he took thereof in his hands, and went on eating, and came to his father and mother, and he gave them, and they did eat: but he told not them that he had taken the honey out of the carcase of the lion.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and the depths of ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **He took thereof in his hands.**—Unless he considered that a skeleton could not be regarded as a dead body, he could not have done this without breaking the express conditions of his Nazarite vow (Numbers 5:6). **He told not them.**—Perhaps from the general reticence of his character, but more probably because they might have been more scrupulous than he was about the ceremonial defilement in...
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Samson's Riddle

So his father went down unto the woman: and Samson made there a feast; for so used the young men to do.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So his father went down unto the woman: and Samson made there a feast; for so used the young men to do.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and the depths of human weakness through moral compromise. His Nazirite vow (Numbers 6:1-21) set him apart as holy to Go...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **Went down unto the woman.**—Formally, to claim her as the bride of his son. **Made there a feast.**—According to the universal custom in all ages (Genesis 29:22; Revelation 19:9). The LXX. add the words “seven days.” (Comp. Genesis 29:27.)

And it came to pass, when they saw him, that they brought thirty companions to be with him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And it came to pass, when they saw him, that they brought thirty companions to be with him.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and the depths of human weakness through moral compromise. His Nazirite vow (Numbers 6:1-21) set him apart as holy to God, yet his p...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **When they saw him.**—The reason why this clause is added is somewhat obscure, and this is perhaps the reason why the LXX. and Josephus, without any warrant, render it “when they were afraid of him, which would involve a change in the reading. **They brought thirty companions.**—It was necessary to the splendour of the marriage feast that there should be these paranymphs (*shoshbenim, *or “c...
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And Samson said unto them, I will now put forth a riddle unto you: if ye can certainly declare it me within the seven days of the feast, and find it out, then I will give you thirty sheets and thirty change of garments: sheets: or, shirts

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Samson said unto them, I will now put forth a riddle unto you: if ye can certainly declare it me within the seven days of the feast, and find it out, then I will give you thirty sheets and thirty change of garments:</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **I will now put forth a riddle unto you.**—*Chidah, *“a riddle,” comes from *chud, *“to knot.” The use of riddles at feasts is of great antiquity both among the Jews (1Kings 10:1, &c.) and Greeks (Athen. x. 457; Pollux, vi. 107, &c.). Jewish legends have much to tell us of the riddles which passed between Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, and between Solomon and Hiram (Dius *ap. *Jos., *Antt. ...
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But if ye cannot declare it me, then shall ye give me thirty sheets and thirty change of garments. And they said unto him, Put forth thy riddle, that we may hear it. sheets: or, shirts

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But if ye cannot declare it me, then shall ye give me thirty sheets and thirty change of garments. And they said unto him, Put forth thy riddle, that we may hear it.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and the depths of human weakness through moral compromise....
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 7 Jud 7:1-8. Gideon's Army. **1. Jerubbaal--**This had now become Gideon's honorable surname, "the enemy of Baal." **well--**rather "spring of Harod," that is, "fear, trembling"; probably the same as the fountain in Jezreel (1Sa 29:1). It was situated not far from Gilboa, on the confines of Manasseh, and the name "Harod" was bestowed on it with evident reference to the panic which seize...
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And he said unto them, Out of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong came forth sweetness. And they could not in three days expound the riddle.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he said unto them, Out of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong came forth sweetness. And they could not in three days expound the riddle.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and the depths of human weakness through moral compromise. His Nazirit...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Out of the strong came forth sweetness.**—The antithesis is not perfect, but we cannot strain the word “strong” to mean “bitter,” as the LXX. and Syriac do. Josephus gives the riddle in the form,”the all-devouring having generated sweet food from itself, though itself far from sweet” (*Antt. v.* 8, § 6). The whole of Samson’s life has been described by Ewald as “a charming poetic picture, i...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. the Lord said unto Gideon, The people ... are too many--**Although the Israelitish army mustered only thirty-two thousand (or one-sixth of the Midianitish host), the number was too great, for it was the Lord's purpose to teach Israel a memorable lesson of dependence on Him.

And it came to pass on the seventh day, that they said unto Samson's wife, Entice thy husband, that he may declare unto us the riddle, lest we burn thee and thy father's house with fire: have ye called us to take that we have? is it not so? take: Heb. possess us, or, impoverish us?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And it came to pass on the seventh day, that they said unto Samson's wife, Entice thy husband, that he may declare unto us the riddle, lest we burn thee and thy father's house with fire: have ye called us to take that we have? is it not so?</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-em...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **On the seventh day.**—When they were in despair. **Lest we burn thee and thy father’s house with fire.**—As, indeed, they ultimately did (Judges 15:6). If Samson appears in no very favourable light in this chapter, the Philistines show themselves to be most mean, treacherous, and brutal. **To take that we have.**—The Hebrew expression is stronger—“to spoil us,” or *“*make us paupers.” The “...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. Now therefore ..., proclaim in the ears of the people, saying, Whosoever is fearful ... let him return--**This proclamation was in terms of an established law (De 20:8).

And Samson's wife wept before him, and said, Thou dost but hate me, and lovest me not: thou hast put forth a riddle unto the children of my people, and hast not told it me. And he said unto her, Behold, I have not told it my father nor my mother, and shall I tell it thee?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Samson's wife wept before him, and said, Thou dost but hate me, and lovest me not: thou hast put forth a riddle unto the children of my people, and hast not told it me. And he said unto her, Behold, I have not told it my father nor my mother, and shall I tell it thee?</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson repre...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **Wept before him.**—Samson’s riddle had the effect of making the whole wedding-feast of this ill-starred marriage one of the most embittered and least joyous that ever fell to a bridegroom’s lot. This was a just punishment for his lawless fancies, though God overruled them to His own ends. A weeping, teazing, fretting bride and sullen guests might have served as a warning that Philistine mar...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. too many--**Two reductions were ordered, the last by the application of a test which was made known to Gideon alone.

And she wept before him the seven days, while their feast lasted: and it came to pass on the seventh day, that he told her, because she lay sore upon him: and she told the riddle to the children of her people. the seven: or, the rest of the seven days

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And she wept before him the seven days, while their feast lasted: and it came to pass on the seventh day, that he told her, because she lay sore upon him: and she told the riddle to the children of her people.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and the depths...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **The seven days.**—The margin suggests that it may mean *the rest of the seven days. *If not, it can only imply that mere feminine curiosity had induced Samson’s wife to weary her husband to tell her the secret from the first. **On the seventh day.**—Perhaps he hoped that he might prevent her from finding an opportunity to betray his secret. **He told her.**—“Keep the door of thy mouth from ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. bring them down unto the water--**When the wandering people in Asia, on a journey or in haste, come to water, they do not stoop down with deliberation on their knees, but only bend forward as much as is necessary to bring their hand in contact with the stream, and throw it up with rapidity, and at the same time such address, that they do not drop a particle. The Israelites, it seems, were acq...
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And the men of the city said unto him on the seventh day before the sun went down, What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? And he said unto them, If ye had not plowed with my heifer, ye had not found out my riddle.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the men of the city said unto him on the seventh day before the sun went down, What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? And he said unto them, If ye had not plowed with my heifer, ye had not found out my riddle.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowe...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **What is sweeter than honey?**—Their answer is given in the same rhythmical form as the riddle itself. **If ye had not plowed with my heifer.**—Many commentators, following Rabbi Levi Ben Gershom, read in this proverbial phrase an implication that Samson suspected his wife of adultery; but there is no sufficient reason for this view.

And the Spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he went down to Ashkelon, and slew thirty men of them, and took their spoil, and gave change of garments unto them which expounded the riddle. And his anger was kindled, and he went up to his father's house. spoil: or, apparel

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the Spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he went down to Ashkelon, and slew thirty men of them, and took their spoil, and gave change of garments unto them which expounded the riddle. And his anger was kindled, and he went up to his father's house.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heig...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **To Ashkelon.**—Probably he seized the opportunity of some great feast to Dagon, or even of another marriage festival, since the linen robes and rich garments would not be such as would be worn every day. **Took their spoil.**—The Hebrew word *chalîsah *is rendered “armour” in 2Samuel 2:21 (LXX.,*panoplia*)*, *and the Targum on Judges 14:13 seems to understand “suits of armour.” **Gave . . ....
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. the Lord said, By the three hundred men that lapped will I save you--**It is scarcely possible to conceive a more severe trial than the command to attack the overwhelming forces of the enemy with such a handful of followers. But Gideon's faith in the divine assurance of victory was steadfast, and it is for this he is so highly commended (He 11:32).

But Samson's wife was given to his companion, whom he had used as his friend.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But Samson's wife was given to his companion, whom he had used as his friend.</strong><br><br>This verse belongs to the Samson cycle addressing Samson's marriage and riddle at Timnath. Samson represents both the heights of God-empowered strength and the depths of human weakness through moral compromise. His Nazirite vow (Numbers 6:1-21) set him apart as holy to God, yet his persistent viol...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **To his companion, whom he had used as his friend**—*i.e., *to the chief of the paranyraphs (the bride-conductor, LXX.); “the friend of the bride-groom” (John 3:29). Hence, even if the suspicion as to the meaning of Samson’s words in Judges 14:18 be unfounded, it is clear that there was treachery and secret hostility at work. Bunsen renders the phrase, “to his companion, whose friend (*amica...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8. the host of Midian was beneath him in the valley--**Attention to the relative position of the parties is of the greatest importance to an understanding of what follows.

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