About Daniel

Daniel demonstrates faithfulness in exile while receiving visions of God's sovereignty over all kingdoms of history.

Author: DanielWritten: c. 535 BCReading time: ~6 minVerses: 45
SovereigntyFaithfulnessProphecyKingdomsPersecutionDeliverance

King James Version

Daniel 11

45 verses with commentary

The Kings of the South and North

Also I in the first year of Darius the Mede, even I, stood to confirm and to strengthen him.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

The angel's declaration: 'Also I in the first year of Darius the Mede, even I, stood to confirm and to strengthen him.' This verse connects to chapter 6's events—during Darius the Mede's reign (immediately after Babylon's fall, 539 BC), the angel provided support. The phrase 'stood to confirm and to strengthen' indicates angelic involvement in establishing the new Persian administration that would...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

XI. (1) **In the first year of Darius.—**These words must be closely connected with the last verse of Daniel 10. The allusion is, most probably, to the fall of Babylon and the return from the Exile, at which time, as at the Exodus, the angel of the Lord went before His people. There is also a reference to Daniel 6:22.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22. shall be sanctified in her--**when all nations shall see that I am the Holy Judge in the vengeance that I will inflict on her for sin.

And now will I shew thee the truth. Behold, there shall stand up yet three kings in Persia; and the fourth shall be far richer than they all: and by his strength through his riches he shall stir up all against the realm of Grecia.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Behold, there shall stand up yet three kings in Persia; and the fourth shall be far richer than they all</strong>—Gabriel's prophecy identifies specific Persian rulers following Cyrus: Cambyses II (530-522 BC), the false Smerdis (522 BC), and Darius I (522-486 BC). The fourth king is Xerxes I (486-465 BC), whose immense wealth is documented by Herodotus. The Hebrew <em>ya'amod</em> (יַעֲמֹ...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **The truth.—**Comp. Daniel 10:21. This is the commencement of the revelation promised in Daniel 10:14; and from this point till the end of the book the difficulties that have to be encountered in attempting an exposition are almost insuperable. It has been customary from the time of St. Jerome, if not from an earlier epoch, to explain most of what follows as referring to the Ptolemies and Sel...
Read full commentary →

And a mighty king shall stand up, that shall rule with great dominion, and do according to his will.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Gabriel's prophecy shifts dramatically: "And a mighty king shall stand up, that shall rule with great dominion, and do according to his will." This leaps forward from Persian kings to Alexander the Great. The phrase "mighty king" (Hebrew: <em>melekh gibbor</em>, מֶלֶךְ גִּבּוֹר) means warrior king or heroic ruler. "Great dominion" accurately describes Alexander's unprecedented empire stretching fr...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **A mighty king.—**No clue is given to show over what nation this king reigns. According to the context he might be either a Greek or a Persian, or he might belong to a kingdom not yet mentioned. Those who explain what follows to refer to the Ptolemies and Seleucidæ identify him with Alexander the Great, and compare with this verse Daniel 7:6; Daniel 8:5-8; Daniel 8:21-22. Certainly the self-w...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**24. no more ... brier ... unto ... Israel--**as the idolatrous nations left in Canaan (among which Zidon is expressly specified in the limits of Asher, Jud 1:31) had been (Nu 33:55; Jos 23:13). "A brier," first ensnaring the Israelites in sin, and then being made the instrument of punishing them. **pricking--**literally, "causing bitterness." The same Hebrew is translated "fretting" (Le 13:51,...
Read full commentary →

And when he shall stand up, his kingdom shall be broken, and shall be divided toward the four winds of heaven; and not to his posterity, nor according to his dominion which he ruled: for his kingdom shall be plucked up, even for others beside those.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

The prophecy continues: "And when he shall stand up, his kingdom shall be broken, and shall be divided toward the four winds of heaven; and not to his posterity, nor according to the dominion which he ruled." This predicts Alexander's empire's immediate fragmentation at his death (323 BC). "Broken" (Hebrew: <em>tishabar</em>, תִּשָּׁבֵר) means shattered or destroyed—not gradual decline but sudden ...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **Broken.—**The shortness of the king’s reign is implied; the moment that he has arisen he will come to nothing. As in Daniel 8:8, the great horn was broken, so here the kingdom is broken and dismembered. This has been explained to mean the sudden collapse of the Greek empire after the death of Alexander. **Not to** **his posterity.**—The kingdom disappears without the members of the king’s fa...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

25-26. Fulfilled in part at the restoration from Babylon, when Judaism, so far from being merged in heathenism, made inroads by conversions on the idolatry of surrounding nations. The full accomplishment is yet future, when Israel, under Christ, shall be the center of Christendom; of which an earnest was given in the woman from the coasts of Tyre and Sidon who sought the Saviour (Mt 15:21, 24, 26-...
Read full commentary →

And the king of the south shall be strong, and one of his princes; and he shall be strong above him, and have dominion; his dominion shall be a great dominion.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

The prophecy shifts from Persian period to specific Hellenistic predictions: 'And the king of the south shall be strong, and one of his princes; and he shall be strong above him, and have dominion; his dominion shall be a great dominion.' This refers to Ptolemy I Soter (323-285 BC), one of Alexander the Great's generals who controlled Egypt ('king of the south' from Israel's geographical perspecti...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **The king.—**This king of the south (see Daniel 11:8) is suddenly introduced to our notice. The vagueness of the language prevents us from asserting that the reference is to Ptolemy Soter, who assumed the title of king about B.C. 304. Equally obscure is the phrase “one of his princes.” Both the Greek versions interpret the passage to mean “that one of the princes of the king of the south shal...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

25-26. Fulfilled in part at the restoration from Babylon, when Judaism, so far from being merged in heathenism, made inroads by conversions on the idolatry of surrounding nations. The full accomplishment is yet future, when Israel, under Christ, shall be the center of Christendom; of which an earnest was given in the woman from the coasts of Tyre and Sidon who sought the Saviour (Mt 15:21, 24, 26-...
Read full commentary →

And in the end of years they shall join themselves together; for the king's daughter of the south shall come to the king of the north to make an agreement: but she shall not retain the power of the arm; neither shall he stand, nor his arm: but she shall be given up, and they that brought her, and he that begat her, and he that strengthened her in these times. join: Heb. associate themselves an: Heb. rights he that begat: or, whom she brought forth

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

This verse predicts political marriage alliance: Ptolemy II's daughter Berenice married Seleucid king Antiochus II (252 BC) to end war. The phrase 'she shall not retain the power of the arm' predicts her downfall—she and her son were murdered by Antiochus's first wife Laodice. This fulfilled prophecy demonstrates divine foreknowledge of specific historical details.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **In the end.—**Comp. Daniel 11:8; Daniel 11:13, and 2Chronicles 18:2. Here again the reference is most obscure. If the “joining themselves together” refers to the marriage of Antiochus II. with Berenice, the daughter of Ptolemy Philadelphus, and if “the agreement” (comp. “upright ones,” Daniel 11:17) refers to the terms of the marriage, which were that Antiochus should put away his former wif...
Read full commentary →

But out of a branch of her roots shall one stand up in his estate, which shall come with an army, and shall enter into the fortress of the king of the north, and shall deal against them, and shall prevail: in: or, in his place, or, office

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Berenice's brother, Ptolemy III Euergetes, avenged her death by invading Syria (246 BC), fulfilling 'out of a branch of her roots shall one stand up.' He captured many prisoners and treasures, as predicted. This historical precision continues validating the prophecy's divine origin.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) As yet there has been no account of any war between the northern and southern king, but it must not be forgotten that Ptolemy Philadelphus and Antiochus Theos were at war for ten years or more. In this and the following verses there is a description of a severe war, in which the southern king is victorious. This is explained of the war between Ptolemy Evergetes and Seleucus Callinicus, which l...
Read full commentary →

And shall also carry captives into Egypt their gods, with their princes, and with their precious vessels of silver and of gold; and he shall continue more years than the king of the north. their precious: Heb. vessels of their desire

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Ptolemy III carried Egyptian idols and vessels to Egypt, fulfilling the prediction. The phrase 'he shall continue more years than the king of the north' accurately describes Ptolemy III outliving Seleucus II. Such specific details, written centuries before fulfillment, demonstrate divine inspiration.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **He shall continue.**—Apparently the meaning is (comp. the use of the preposition in Daniel 11:31) “He shall stand on the side of [*i.e.,* as an ally of] the northern king several years.” Others translate, “He shall abstain from the king of the north some years.” In either case the sense is nearly the same. The reference is said to be to the cessation of hostilities between Ptolemy and Seleuc...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 29 Eze 29:1-21. The Judgment on Egypt by Nebuchadnezzar; though about to Be Restored after Forty Years, It Was Still to Be in a State of Degradation. This is the last of the world kingdoms against which Ezekiel's prophecies are directed, and occupies the largest space in them, namely, the next four chapters. Though farther off than Tyre, it exercised a more powerful influence on Israel. ...
Read full commentary →

So the king of the south shall come into his kingdom, and shall return into his own land.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Seleucus II's failed counterattack against Egypt (240 BC) fulfilled this verse. The continued accuracy of predictions builds case for divine authorship—no human could predict such specific events centuries in advance.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **The king of** **the south.—**According to the Hebrew text, these words are in the genitive case (so Theod. Jer.), though the English Version is supported by the LXX. In this case the meaning is, “The king of the north shall come into the kingdom of the southern king,” and then shall return to his own land—*i.e.,* the north—apparently without gaining any advantage.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. dragon--**Hebrew, tanim, any large aquatic animal, here the crocodile, which on Roman coins is the emblem of Egypt. **lieth--**restest proudly secure. **his rivers--**the mouths, branches, and canals of the Nile, to which Egypt owed its fertility.

But his sons shall be stirred up, and shall assemble a multitude of great forces: and one shall certainly come, and overflow, and pass through: then shall he return, and be stirred up, even to his fortress. shall be: or, shall war return: or, be stirred up again

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

This describes Seleucus II's sons (Seleucus III and Antiochus III) assembling forces and campaigning. Antiochus III ('the Great') conducted major military campaigns including recovery of territory from Egypt. The prophecy's detail continues demonstrating supernatural foreknowledge.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **His sons.**—The pronoun refers to the subject of Daniel 11:9, which is the northern king (though, according to the LXX. and English Version, it must be his rival). There is a marginal alternative in the Hebrew “son.” The LXX. supports the text. If the king of the north last mentioned is Seleucus Callinicus, his sons must be Seleucus Ceraunus, a man of no importance, and Antiochus the Great....
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. hooks in thy jaws--**(Is 37:29; compare Job 41:1, 2). Amasis was the "hook." In the Assyrian sculptures prisoners are represented with a hook in the underlip, and a cord from it held by the king. **cause ... fish ... stick unto ... scales--**Pharaoh, presuming on his power as if he were God (Eze 29:3, "I have made it"), wished to stand in the stead of God as defender of the covenant-people,...
Read full commentary →

And the king of the south shall be moved with choler, and shall come forth and fight with him, even with the king of the north: and he shall set forth a great multitude; but the multitude shall be given into his hand.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Ptolemy IV Philopator's victory over Antiochus III at Raphia (217 BC) fulfilled this prophecy. Despite numerical advantage (Antiochus had 'multitude'), Ptolemy won, casting down 'many ten thousands.' The battle's historical details match prophetic prediction remarkably.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **And the king.**—The ambiguity of this verse is very great. “He” may refer to either king; so that while some commentators see in the words an account of the successes of Ptolemy against Antiochus in the battle of Raphia (B.C. 217)—the “multitude” being the army of Antiochus, which was severely defeated at that place—others infer that the northern king is represented as defeating his rival. ...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. wilderness--**captivity beyond thy kingdom. The expression is used perhaps to imply retribution in kind. As Egypt pursued after Israel, saying, "The wilderness hath shut them in" (Ex 14:3), so she herself shall be brought into a wilderness state. **open fields--**literally, "face of the field." **not be brought together--**As the crocodile is not, when caught, restored to the river, so no...
Read full commentary →

And when he hath taken away the multitude, his heart shall be lifted up ; and he shall cast down many ten thousands: but he shall not be strengthened by it.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Though Ptolemy IV won at Raphia, he didn't consolidate victory—his 'heart was lifted up' in pride rather than strategic advantage. This character detail, predicted centuries before, demonstrates God's knowledge of hearts and circumstances.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **And when he.—**It is not clear whether “the multitude” or “the king” is subject of the sentence, or whether the verb “he hath taken away” is to be translated active or passive. The verse might mean, “And the multitude is lifted up—*i.e.,* takes courage—and its heart is exalted,” or, “when the multitude takes courage the king’s heart is exalted.” The English translation is most in accordance...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. staff of reed to ... Israel--**alluding to the reeds on the banks of the Nile, which broke if one leaned upon them (see on Eze 29:4; Is 36:6). All Israel's dependence on Egypt proved hurtful instead of beneficial (Is 30:1-5).

For the king of the north shall return, and shall set forth a multitude greater than the former, and shall certainly come after certain years with a great army and with much riches. after: Heb. at the end of times, even years

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus III returned after years with larger army, defeating Ptolemy V at Panion (198 BC). This secured Seleucid control over Judea, shifting Jewish territory from Ptolemaic to Seleucid dominance—a major historical shift affecting Jewish life and setting stage for Antiochus IV's later persecution.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **Shall return.—**In this and the next two verses the causes are mentioned to which the failure of the southern king was due. He returns some years after his defeat to take revenge, and brings with him a larger army than he had on the previous occasion. **Much riches**—*i.e.,* all that is necessary for the maintenance of a large army; literally, *anything acquired.* This has been explained of...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. hand--**or handle of the reed. **rend ... shoulder--**by the splinters on which the shoulder or arm would fall, on the support failing the hand. **madest ... loins ... at a stand--**that is, made them to be disabled. Maurer somewhat similarly (referring to a kindred Arabic form), "Thou hast stricken both their loins." Fairbairn, not so well, "Thou lettest all their loins stand," that is, ...
Read full commentary →

And in those times there shall many stand up against the king of the south: also the robbers of thy people shall exalt themselves to establish the vision; but they shall fall. the robbers: Heb. the children of robbers

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

During these conflicts, 'violent men' among Jews supported Seleucid takeover, hoping for advantage. The phrase 'to establish the vision' may indicate that these events fulfill prophetic vision, though the attempt ultimately fails. This internal Jewish division would have serious consequences.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **In those times.—**It must be noticed that at this verse—the earliest in which there is any reference to Daniel’s people and to the vision (Daniel 10:1; Daniel 10:7-8)—we appear to be approaching the great crisis. We appear to be within “a very few days” (see Daniel 11:20) of the vile-person who corresponds to the little horn of the fourth beast. At this period the king of the south suffers ...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8. a sword--**Nebuchadnezzar's army (Eze 29:19). Also Amasis and the Egyptian revolters who after Pharaoh-hophra's discomfiture in Cyrene dethroned and strangled him, having defeated him in a battle fought at Memphis [Junius].

So the king of the north shall come, and cast up a mount, and take the most fenced cities: and the arms of the south shall not withstand, neither his chosen people, neither shall there be any strength to withstand. the most: Heb. the city of munitions his: Heb. the people of his choices

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus III's siege and capture of Sidon (198 BC) fulfilled this precisely. The phrase 'king of the south shall not withstand' describes Egypt's inability to stop Seleucid advance. Judea passed from Ptolemaic to Seleucid control, affecting Jewish political status.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **The king of the north.—**This prince attacks the fortress of his rival, who is unable to resist him. Here it is supposed that the allusion is to the capture of Sidon by Antiochus the Great. The troops *of* Ptolemy under Scopas had acquired possession of Jerusalem and of various portions of Syria during the absence of Antiochus. Scopas and the Egyptian troops under him fled to Sidon, where t...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. I am the Lord--**in antithesis to the blasphemous boast repeated here from Eze 29:3, "The river is mine, and I have made it."

But he that cometh against him shall do according to his own will, and none shall stand before him: and he shall stand in the glorious land, which by his hand shall be consumed. glorious: or, goodly, etc.: Heb. land of ornament

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus III stood in 'the glorious land' (Judea), now under Seleucid control. Initially benevolent toward Jews, this dynasty's attitude would change dramatically under Antiochus IV. The prophecy's precision continues: 'the glorious land' becomes key to understanding coming persecution.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **But he that cometh.**—We now hear of further proceedings of the northern king. He follows up the vision mentioned in the last verse, enters the glorious land (*i.e.,* Palestine), and commits great ravages in it. The king is described in language which reminds us of Daniel 11:3. He acts just as he pleases after his entrance to the southern kingdom. This has been applied to the conduct of Ant...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. from the tower of Syene--**Grotius translates, "from Migdol (a fortress near Pelusium on the north of Suez) to Syene (in the farthest south)"; that is, from one end of Egypt to the other. So "from Migdol to Syene," Eze 30:6, Margin. However, English Version rightly refers Syene to Seveneh, that is, Sebennytus, in the eastern delta of the Nile, the capital of the Lower Egyptian kings. The Seb...
Read full commentary →

He shall also set his face to enter with the strength of his whole kingdom, and upright ones with him; thus shall he do: and he shall give him the daughter of women, corrupting her: but she shall not stand on his side, neither be for him. upright: or, much uprightness: or, equal conditions corrupting: Heb. to corrupt

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus III gave daughter Cleopatra I in marriage to Ptolemy V (194 BC), hoping to control Egypt through her. However, she sided with her husband rather than father, so the plan failed—exactly as prophesied ('she shall not stand on his side'). Divine foreknowledge extends even to personal loyalties.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **He shall also.—**He has further plans for subduing the dominions of the southern king. He brings together all the forces he can amass, and then attempts by means of a political marriage to establish peace; but this also proves a failure. **Upright ones.**—Literally, *all that is right;* hence the words have been explained, “straightforward pleas”. If “persons” are intended, it is not imposs...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11. forty years--**answering to the forty years in which the Israelites, their former bondsmen, wandered in "the wilderness" (compare Note, see on Eze 29:5). Jerome remarks the number forty is one often connected with affliction and judgment. The rains of the flood in forty days brought destruction on the world. Moses, Elias, and the Saviour fasted forty days. The interval between Egypt's overth...
Read full commentary →

After this shall he turn his face unto the isles, and shall take many: but a prince for his own behalf shall cause the reproach offered by him to cease; without his own reproach he shall cause it to turn upon him. for: Heb. for him the reproach: Heb. his reproach

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus III turned to coastal regions and islands (Asia Minor, Greece) but was defeated by Romans at Magnesia (190 BC). The 'prince' stopping his reproach was Roman consul Lucius Scipio. Rome's entrance into eastern Mediterranean politics would ultimately lead to Seleucid decline.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **Shall he turn.—**He goes northward, this being the direction indicated by “the isles.” This has been explained of the victories gained by Antiochus the Great in Asia Minor. He is stated to have reduced various towns and islands, and finally to have taken Ephesus. He was in this way brought into contact with the Romans, and was defeated by L. Scipio, who is identified with “the prince” menti...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

12. As Israel passed through a term of wilderness discipline (compare Eze 20:35, &amp;c.), which was in its essential features to be repeated again, so it was to be with Egypt [Fairbairn]. Some Egyptians were to be carried to Babylon, also many "scattered" in Arabia and Ethiopia through fear; but mainly the "scattering" was to be the dissipation of their power, even though the people still remaine...
Read full commentary →

Then he shall turn his face toward the fort of his own land: but he shall stumble and fall, and not be found.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus III's return to his own land and eventual death (187 BC) while plundering a temple in Elam fulfilled this verse. The phrase 'he shall stumble and fall, and not be found' describes his sudden death ending his ambitious reign.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **The fort.—**The king of the north is forced to take refuge in his fortresses, and here meets with his end. This is explained of the death of Antiochus the Great at Elymais, where he had profaned a temple.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

13. (Jr 46:26).

Then shall stand up in his estate a raiser of taxes in the glory of the kingdom: but within few days he shall be destroyed, neither in anger, nor in battle. estate: or, place a: Heb. one that causeth an exacter to pass over anger: Heb. angers

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Seleucus IV Philopator (187-175 BC) sent his treasurer Heliodorus to plunder Jerusalem's temple to raise taxes ('a raiser of taxes in the glory of the kingdom'). Heliodorus later assassinated Seleucus. The prophecy's detail remains stunning—even tax policies predicted centuries beforehand.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **A raiser of taxes.—**The marginal version is to be preferred, as it gives the meaning of the word “exactor,” or “oppressor,” which it has in Exodus 3:7, and in every passage where it occurs, except perhaps Isaiah 9:4. The new king of the north causes the “oppressor” to pass through “the majesty of the kingdom” (a phrase occurring elsewhere only in Psalm 145:12; but comp. 1Chronicles 29:25),...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14. Pathros--**the Thebaid, or Upper Egypt, which had been especially harassed by Nebuchadnezzar (Na 3:8, 10). The oldest part of Egypt as to civilization and art. The Thebaid was anciently called "Egypt" [Aristotle]. Therefore it is called the "land of the Egyptians' birth" (Margin, for "habitation"). **base kingdom--**Under Amasis it was made dependent on Babylon; humbled still more under Ca...
Read full commentary →

And in his estate shall stand up a vile person, to whom they shall not give the honour of the kingdom: but he shall come in peaceably, and obtain the kingdom by flatteries. estate: or, place

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus IV Epiphanes (175-164 BC) enters the prophecy—the climactic villain foreshadowing Antichrist. Called 'vile person' to whom royal honor wasn't given (he usurped throne from rightful heir), he obtained kingdom through 'flatteries' (political manipulation). His reign would bring unprecedented persecution of Jews.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **A vile person.**—The meaning of the language will be plainer after a reference to Psalm 119:141; Jeremiah 22:28. The moral character of the man is especially described. The words that follow explain more fully that he was not worthy of receiving royal majesty. This person is generally identified with Antiochus Epiphanes. The description certainly agrees with him very closely. In fact, just ...
Read full commentary →

And with the arms of a flood shall they be overflown from before him, and shall be broken; yea, also the prince of the covenant.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus IV swept away opposition 'with the arms of a flood.' The phrase 'prince of the covenant' may refer to Jewish high priest Onias III, murdered during Antiochus's machinations. This began the intense persecution of faithful Jews resisting Hellenization.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **With the arms.**—More correctly, *and the arms in a flood;* that is, the overwhelming forces of invading armies are swept away by the troops of this terrible king. But besides the enemy, the “prince of the covenant” is to be destroyed also. This expression is most readily explained by observing that it stands in contrast with the hostile armies mentioned in the first clause. It is an expres...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

16. Egypt, when restored, shall be so circumscribed in power that it shall be no longer an object of confidence to Israel, as formerly; for example, as when, relying on it, Israel broke faith with Nebuchadnezzar (Eze 17:13, 15, 16). **which bringeth their iniquity to remembrance, when they shall look after them--**rather, "while they (the Israelites) look to (or, turn after) them" [Henderson]. I...
Read full commentary →

And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully: for he shall come up, and shall become strong with a small people.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus's deceptive practices—making leagues and working deceitfully—characterized his reign. Starting with few supporters, he became strong through manipulation. This pattern of deceit prefigures Antichrist's tactics (2 Thessalonians 2:9-10).

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(23) **He shall work.**—Apparently this verse explains more fully the means by which the king succeeds in maintaining his influence. He has already destroyed those who are at peace with him. From the time that he first becomes their confederate, he works deceitfully, coming up with hostile intent, accompanied only by a few people, and in this way throwing off their guard those whom he would destro...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

17. The departure from the chronological order occurs here only, among the prophecies as to foreign nations, in order to secure greater unity of subject.

He shall enter peaceably even upon the fattest places of the province; and he shall do that which his fathers have not done, nor his fathers' fathers; he shall scatter among them the prey, and spoil, and riches: yea, and he shall forecast his devices against the strong holds, even for a time. peaceably: or, into the peaceable and fat, etc forecast: Heb. think his thoughts

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus entered peaceful provinces, distributed plunder to gain loyalty—tactics unprecedented among his predecessors. His campaign strategies and political maneuvering fulfilled predictions precisely. The 'for a time' indicates temporary success before eventual downfall.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **Peaceably.—**The subject continues to be the perfidious conduct of the king mentioned in the last two verses. While the inhabitants are expecting nothing of the sort, he enters the richest parts of the province, and while he scatters largesses with profuseness and in apparent friendship, he is really planning attacks against the fortresses of the district, endeavouring to reduce them into h...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**18. every head ... bald, ... shoulder ... peeled--**with carrying baskets of earth and stones for the siege works. **no wages ... for the service--**that is, in proportion to it and the time and labor which he expended on the siege of Tyre. Not that he actually failed in the siege (Jerome expressly states, from Assyrian histories, that Nebuchadnezzar succeeded); but, so much of the Tyrian reso...
Read full commentary →

And he shall stir up his power and his courage against the king of the south with a great army; and the king of the south shall be stirred up to battle with a very great and mighty army; but he shall not stand: for they shall forecast devices against him.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus's first Egyptian campaign (170 BC) against Ptolemy VI fulfilled this. Despite Egypt's large forces, Antiochus succeeded initially through superior tactics and Ptolemy's advisors' treachery ('forecast devices against him'). The prophecy's accuracy continues unbroken.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **The south.—**Here, for the first time in the second portion of the prophecy, mention is made of the southern king. It is highly probable that the deceit mentioned in the last three verses had this king and his provinces for its object. This and the next two verses are supposed to describe the war of Antiochus with Ptolemy Philometor (see 1 Maccabees 1:16-19), or his war with Physcon, on whi...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**19. multitude--**not as Fairbairn, "store"; but, he shall take away a multitude of captives out of Egypt. The success of Nebuchadnezzar is implied in Tyre's receiving a king from Babylon, probably one of her captives there, Merbal. **take her spoil ... prey--**literally, "spoil her spoil, prey her prey," that is, as she spoiled other nations, so shall she herself be a spoil to Babylon.

Yea, they that feed of the portion of his meat shall destroy him, and his army shall overflow: and many shall fall down slain.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Ptolemy VI's own courtiers betrayed him, leading to defeat. The phrase 'they that feed of his meat' indicates trusted advisors' treachery. Such specific political intrigue, predicted centuries beforehand, demonstrates supernatural knowledge.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(26) **They that feed.—**The context points to treachery. The false companions of the southern king betray him to the enemy; he is broken, the hostile army pours in, and many are slain. This has been referred to the second campaign of Antiochus in Egypt; however, history is silent of any treachery against Physcon. St. Jerome remarks: “*Nostri secundum superiorem sensum interpretantur omnia de Anti...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20. because they wrought for me--**the Chaldeans, fulfilling My will as to Tyre (compare Jr 25:9).

And both these kings' hearts shall be to do mischief , and they shall speak lies at one table; but it shall not prosper: for yet the end shall be at the time appointed. hearts: Heb. their hearts

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus and Ptolemy VI temporarily made alliance, both speaking lies at their negotiating table. The prophecy recognized the deceitfulness on both sides and predicted the alliance's failure—'it shall not prosper.' Human treachery cannot thwart divine purposes.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(27) **Both these kings.—**The two rival kings are here described as living upon terms of outward friendship, while each is inwardly trying to outwit the other. The context is opposed to any reference to the combination of Antiochus and Philometor against Physcon (see Livy, xlv. 11; Polyb. xxix. 8). The object of the paragraph is to show that the southern king was attempting to fight his rival wit...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

21. In the evil only, not in the good, was Egypt to be parallel to Israel. The very downfall of Egypt will be the signal for the rise of Israel, because of God's covenant with the latter. **I cause the horn of ... Israel to bud--**(Psa 132:17). I will cause its ancient glory to revive: an earnest of Israel's full glory under Messiah, the son of David (Lu 1:69). Even in Babylon an earnest was giv...
Read full commentary →

Then shall he return into his land with great riches; and his heart shall be against the holy covenant; and he shall do exploits, and return to his own land.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus returned from Egypt with great riches and 'his heart against the holy covenant.' En route, he plundered Jerusalem's temple (170 BC), killing thousands and defiling the sanctuary. This began the intense persecution climaxing in the Abomination of Desolation.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(28) **Then shall he return.—**He returns, apparently bringing abundant spoils with him, and while on the journey sets his heart against the holy covenant. **Great riches.**—The prophecy points distinctly to Antiochus after his return from Egypt. (See 1 Maccabees 1:19-28; 2 Maccabees 5:11-17.) This was the occasion of his first attack upon the theocracy. The typical character of Antiochus is drawn...
Read full commentary →

At the time appointed he shall return, and come toward the south; but it shall not be as the former, or as the latter.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus's second Egyptian campaign (168 BC) was less successful than the first—Roman intervention forced his withdrawal. The phrase 'it shall not be as the former' accurately predicts different outcome. Rome's growing power limited Seleucid expansion.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(29) **At the time appointed—***i.e.*, in God’s own time. According to 1 Maccabees 1:29, it was after two years were fully expired since his return to Syria that Antiochus made another attack upon Jerusalem. This attack was made after his return from Egypt. **But it shall not be.**—No such success attended him at the latter as at the former invasion.

For the ships of Chittim shall come against him: therefore he shall be grieved, and return, and have indignation against the holy covenant: so shall he do; he shall even return, and have intelligence with them that forsake the holy covenant.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

The 'ships of Chittim' refers to Roman vessels. Popilius Laenas, Roman envoy, famously drew circle around Antiochus and demanded answer before he stepped out—humiliating the king and forcing Egyptian withdrawal. Returning in rage, Antiochus vented fury on Jerusalem and Jews faithful to covenant, rewarding apostate Hellenizers.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(30) **Ships of Chittim.—**On Chittim, see Genesis 10:4; comp. Numbers 24:24. The LXX. explain this of the Romans, referring to the story in Livy, xlv. 11. **He shall be grieved.—**Literally, *he shall lose heart.* Compare the words of Livy, which describe the feelings of Antiochus at the peremptory demands of Popilius: “*Obstupefactus tam violento imperio.”* Theodotion apparently imagined that th...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 30 Eze 30:1-26. Continuation of the Prophecies against Egypt. Two distinct messages: (1) At Eze 30:1-19, a repetition of Eze 29:1-16, with fuller details of lifelike distinctness. The date is probably not long after that mentioned in Eze 29:17, on the eve of Nebuchadnezzar's march against Egypt after subjugating Tyre. (2) A vision relating directly to Pharaoh and the overthrow of his kin...
Read full commentary →

And arms shall stand on his part, and they shall pollute the sanctuary of strength, and shall take away the daily sacrifice, and they shall place the abomination that maketh desolate. maketh: or, astonisheth

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

This verse predicts the Abomination of Desolation (167 BC)—Antiochus's forces desecrated the temple, stopped daily sacrifices, and erected Zeus altar/statue on the altar of burnt offering. This horrific sacrilege triggered the Maccabean revolt. Jesus referenced this event as type of end-times abomination (Matthew 24:15).

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(31) **Arms.**—A further statement of the assistance which the king obtains in his attacks upon all sacred institutions. The word “arms,” as in Daniel 11:5, means “assistance,” especially military assistance, or some other aid, with which is contrasted in the next verse the help given by the apostates. **The sanctuary of strength.**—In the Hebrew (see Theodotion) there are two nouns in apposition....
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. the time of the heathen--**namely, for taking vengeance on them. The judgment on Egypt is the beginning of a world-wide judgment on all the heathen enemies of God (Joe 1:15; 2:1, 2; 3:1-21; Ob 15).

And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he corrupt by flatteries: but the people that do know their God shall be strong, and do exploits. corrupt: or, cause to dissemble

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus used flatteries to corrupt apostate Jews willing to abandon covenant. Yet 'the people that do know their God' (faithful Jews like the Maccabees) resisted strongly, leading to heroic resistance and martyrdom. This encourages faithfulness under persecution—knowing God produces courageous resistance.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(32) **Such as do wickedly.**—In these verses are traced the effects of the apostasy upon the people of God. These persons have been already spoken of in Daniel 11:30. They had begun with indifference to true religion, they have now become intolerant of it. **Corrupt.**—Literally, *make profane.* On the Hebrew notion of profanity, see Cheyne’s *Isaiah,* vol. 1, p. 3. These persons have now become ...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. pain--**literally, "pangs with trembling as of a woman in childbirth."

And they that understand among the people shall instruct many: yet they shall fall by the sword, and by flame, by captivity, and by spoil, many days.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

The 'wise' (מַשְׂכִּילִים/<em>maskilim</em>)—faithful Jewish teachers—instructed many during persecution, though some fell by sword, flame, captivity, and spoil. First and Second Maccabees record these martyrdoms. Their faithful teaching preserved Judaism through crisis. This pattern repeats: faithful teachers sustain God's people through persecution.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(33) **They that understand.—**This is the name by which those are called who were spoken of in the last verse as “knowing their God.” (Comp. Daniel 12:10; Psalm 111:10.) **Shall instruct many.—**That is, their example shall give instruction to “the many” who yield to the flatteries mentioned in the last verse. They show them whither they are drifting. For illustration, see 1 Maccabees 2:1, &c.; 2...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. the mingled people--**the mercenary troops of Egypt from various lands, mostly from the interior of Africa (compare Eze 27:10; Jr 25:20, 24; 46:9, 21). **Chub--**the people named Kufa on the monuments [Havernick], a people considerably north of Palestine [Wilkinson]; Coba or Chobat, a city of Mauritania [Maurer]. **men of the land that is in league--**too definite an expression to mean me...
Read full commentary →

Now when they shall fall, they shall be holpen with a little help: but many shall cleave to them with flatteries.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

During persecution, Jews received 'little help'—the Maccabean revolt provided relief but wasn't complete deliverance. Many joined the cause through flatteries rather than genuine commitment. This military success, while providing breathing room, wasn't the ultimate deliverance—that awaited Messiah.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(34) **Now when they shall fall.—**Referring to those who suffer during this persecution, to whichever class they belong. (See last Note). These will not be entirely without help, but there will be some small assistance given them. It will be small, either compared with their present needs, or contrasted with the great help which will be given them when the tribulation attains its greatest severit...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. from the tower of Syene--**(see on Eze 29:10).

And some of them of understanding shall fall, to try them, and to purge, and to make them white, even to the time of the end: because it is yet for a time appointed. try them: or, try by them

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Some of the wise fell 'to try them, and to purge, and to make them white, even to the time of the end.' Persecution served refining purposes—purifying faith, testing commitment, revealing true versus false believers. The phrase 'time of the end' points beyond Maccabean period to eschatological fulfillment—Antiochus typifies Antichrist; persecution under Antiochus prefigures end-times tribulation.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(35) **Some of them.—**The reason of this persecution is revealed. Whilst in Daniel 11:33 it appears that the sufferings of “those that understand” would instruct others, it appears that they would themselves profit by their sufferings. These gradations are mentioned (1) “to try “—*i.e.,* to refine, as a precious metal is refined by fire; (2) “to purge “—*i.e.,* to separate the bad from the good; ...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. in the midst of ... countries ... desolate--**Egypt shall fare no better than they (Eze 29:10).

And the king shall do according to his will; and he shall exalt himself, and magnify himself above every god, and shall speak marvellous things against the God of gods, and shall prosper till the indignation be accomplished: for that that is determined shall be done.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Chapter 11's detailed prophecy shifts to an eschatological figure: 'And the king shall do according to his will; and he shall exalt himself, and magnify himself above every god, and shall speak marvellous things against the God of gods, and shall prosper till the indignation be accomplished: for that that is determined shall be done.' The 'king' who exalts himself 'above every god' describes both ...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(36) **The king.—**He raises himself by his thoughts and deeds, not only above the heathen deities, but above the true God. Though there can be no doubt that the northern king is still spoken of, it must be remarked that the features of Antiochus are gradually fading away from the portrait. In no sense can Antiochus be called an Atheist; nor does the language of the writer of 2 Maccabees 9:12, “th...
Read full commentary →

Neither shall he regard the God of his fathers, nor the desire of women, nor regard any god: for he shall magnify himself above all.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus exalted himself above every god, blaspheming the God of gods. He didn't regard 'the desire of women'—possibly Tammuz/Adonis cult his Syrian subjects favored, indicating his religious innovations offended even pagans. His supreme self-exaltation typifies Antichrist's future blasphemy (2 Thessalonians 2:3-4, Revelation 13:5-6).

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(37) **Neither shall they.—**A further description is now given of the godlessness of this king, but the people of Israel are no longer mentioned in their relation to him. The northern king appears twice again in Palestine (Daniel 11:41; Daniel 11:45), and apparently dies there. He discards his hereditary religion, he has no regard to that natural affection which women look upon as most desirable,...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. messengers ... in ships to ... Ethiopians--**(Is 18:1, 2). The cataracts interposing between them and Egypt should not save them. Egyptians "fleeing from before Me" in My execution of judgment, as "messengers" in "skiffs" ("vessels of bulrushes," Is 18:2) shall go up the Nile as far as navigable, to announce the advance of the Chaldeans. **as in the day of Egypt--**The day of Ethiopia's "pa...
Read full commentary →

But in his estate shall he honour the God of forces: and a god whom his fathers knew not shall he honour with gold, and silver, and with precious stones, and pleasant things. forces: or, munitions: Heb. Mauzzim, or, as for the almighty God, in his seat he shall honour, yea he shall honour a god, etc pleasant: Heb. things desired

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Instead of traditional gods, Antiochus honored 'the god of forces' (likely Zeus or militarism itself) with lavish gifts. His religious manipulations and innovations, driven by political ambitions, brought unprecedented persecution. This prefigures Antichrist's false religion and self-worship.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. the multitude--**the large population.

Thus shall he do in the most strong holds with a strange god, whom he shall acknowledge and increase with glory: and he shall cause them to rule over many, and shall divide the land for gain. most: Heb. fortresses of munitions gain: Heb. a price

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Antiochus attacked strong fortifications with help of his chosen god (Zeus), rewarding followers with land and power. His military successes and political rewards to loyalists characterized his regime. Yet despite temporary success, his end approaches—God's sovereignty limits tyrants' duration.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(39). **A strange god.**—By this help he carries out his schemes, and all who acknowledge him are rewarded. (Comp. Revelation 13:4; Revelation 13:16-17.) **Divide the land.**—This is evidently done as a reward offered to those who join his ranks. No such conduct of Antiochus is recorded. Bribery, however, was not an unusual mode of persuasion adopted by him. (See 1 Maccabees 2:18; 1 Maccabees 3:30...
Read full commentary →

And at the time of the end shall the king of the south push at him: and the king of the north shall come against him like a whirlwind, with chariots, and with horsemen, and with many ships; and he shall enter into the countries, and shall overflow and pass over.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

The 'time of the end' language introduces eschatological dimension—the prophecy shifts from clear historical fulfillment (Antiochus Epiphanes) to end-times events. Some interpreters see verses 40-45 as moving beyond Antiochus to final Antichrist, using Antiochus as type. The 'king of the south' and 'king of the north' engage in final conflict, possibly referring to end-times geopolitical alignment...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(40) **At the time of the end.—**These verses speak of the last expedition of the northern king, and of the disappearance of the king of the south. The portrait of Antiochus, as noticed in the Note on Daniel 11:36, was gradually fading away, and now not a line of it remains. No such invasion of Egypt as that mentioned here is mentioned in history. From the time mentioned in Daniel 11:30 he appears...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12. rivers--**the artificial canals made from the Nile for irrigation. The drying up of these would cause scarcity of grain, and so prepare the way for the invaders (Is 19:5-10).

He shall enter also into the glorious land, and many countries shall be overthrown: but these shall escape out of his hand, even Edom, and Moab, and the chief of the children of Ammon. glorious: or, goodly, etc.: Heb. land of delight, or, ornament

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

The invading king enters 'the glorious land' (Israel)—whether Antiochus historically or Antichrist eschatologically, Israel remains central to prophetic fulfillment. Edom, Moab, and Ammon escaping may indicate some Arab regions not initially conquered in end-times conflicts. The detail emphasizes God's control over specific geopolitical outcomes.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(41) **The glorious land.—**See Daniel 11:16. On the occasion of his hasty march against Egypt, while passing through Palestine, the king takes the shortest route, avoiding the three tribes which had been distinguished by their hostility towards the people of Israel. It is remarkable that these nations (two of which appear as figures of Antichrist, Isaiah 25:10; Isaiah 63:1) should escape, while o...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**13. Noph--**Memphis, the capital of Middle Egypt, and the stronghold of "idols." Though no record exists of Nebuchadnezzar's "destroying" these, we know from Herodotus and others, that Cambyses took Pelusium, the key of Egypt, by placing before his army dogs, cats, &amp;c., all held sacred in Egypt, so that no Egyptian would use any weapon against them. He slew Apis, the sacred ox, and burnt oth...
Read full commentary →

He shall stretch forth his hand also upon the countries: and the land of Egypt shall not escape. stretch: Heb. send forth

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

The conqueror extends power over multiple countries, including Egypt. This military expansion parallels both historical campaigns (Antiochus's Egyptian invasions) and eschatological warfare (end-times conflicts centered on Middle East). The prophecy's dual fulfillment pattern—near historical and far eschatological—typifies biblical prophecy.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(42) **He shall stretch forth.—**He seizes various countries through which he passes, and among them Egypt is especially selected for mention, representing, as it does, the most powerful of them. The king has at last attained his object. He has frequently been partially successful in his attempts (see Daniel 11:12-13; Daniel 11:15; Daniel 11:29), but now Egypt is completely overthrown.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14. Pathros--**Upper Egypt, with "No" or Thebes its capital (famed for its stupendous buildings, of which grand ruins remain), in antithesis to Zoan or Tanis, a chief city in Lower Egypt, within the Delta.

But he shall have power over the treasures of gold and of silver, and over all the precious things of Egypt: and the Libyans and the Ethiopians shall be at his steps.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

Control over Egypt's treasures and Libya/Ethiopia's submission describes both Antiochus's historical success and possibly end-times conquest. The specific geographical details—north Africa, Middle East—highlight that prophetic fulfillment occurs in real locations with identifiable nations, not merely spiritual allegory.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(43) **Libyans . . . Ethiopians.—**These nations are specified as allies of Egypt. (See Ezekiel 30:5; Jeremiah 46:9.) They are represented as following the steps of the conqueror (comp. Exodus 11:8), and as submitting themselves to him.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15. Sin--**that is, Pelusium, the frontier fortress on the northeast, therefore called "the strength (that is, the key) of Egypt." It stands in antithesis to No or Thebes at the opposite end of Egypt; that is, I will afflict Egypt from one end to the other.

But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him: therefore he shall go forth with great fury to destroy, and utterly to make away many.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

News from east and north trouble the king, causing furious response with intent to destroy many. For Antiochus, this may reference reports of rebellions or Parthian threats; eschatologically, it could indicate final conflicts preceding Christ's return. The conqueror's fury and destructive intent characterize tyrannical end-times opposition to God's people.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(44) **He shall go forth.**—The end of the northern king. While in Egypt he has bad news brought to him from the north and from the east, which stirs up feelings of revenge. Once again he halts in Palestine, where he comes to an end. That this cannot apply to Antiochus is evident from the following facts—(1) Antiochus was in Persia when the news of the defeat of Lysias reached him; (2) Judæa and J...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16. distresses daily--**Maurer translates, "enemies during the day," that is, open enemies who do not wait for the covert of night to make their attacks (compare Jr 6:4; 15:8). However, the Hebrew, though rarely, is sometimes rendered (see Psa 13:2) as in English Version.

And he shall plant the tabernacles of his palace between the seas in the glorious holy mountain; yet he shall come to his end, and none shall help him. glorious: or, goodly, etc.: Heb. mountain of delight of holiness

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

The prophecy concludes with the tyrant's sudden end: he plants 'tabernacles of his palace between the seas in the glorious holy mountain' yet 'shall come to his end, and none shall help him.' Historically, Antiochus Epiphanes died suddenly in Persia (164 BC) while plundering temples—a fitting end to one who desecrated God's temple. Eschatologically, this prefigures Antichrist's sudden destruction ...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(45) **He shall plant** . . .—For a similar prophecy, comp. Jeremiah 43:10 (where see the Targum). The king is here represented as halting while a palatial tent is being erected for him. The word “palace” is omitted by the LXX., and simply transliterated “Apedno” by St. Jerome and Theodotion, as if it were a proper name. **Between the seas—***i.e.*, between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. **Th...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17. Aven--**meaning "vanity" or "iniquity": applied, by a slight change of the Hebrew name, to On or Heliopolis, in allusion to its idolatry. Here stood the temple of the sun, whence it was called in Hebrew, Beth-shemesh (Jr 43:13). The Egyptian hieroglyphics call it, Re Athom, the sun, the father of the gods, being impersonate in Athom or Adam, the father of mankind. **Pi-beseth--**that is, B...
Read full commentary →

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study