King James Version

What Does Song of Solomon 5:10 Mean?

Song of Solomon 5:10 in the King James Version says “My beloved is white and ruddy, the chiefest among ten thousand. the chiefest: Heb. a standard bearer — study this verse from Song of Solomon chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

My beloved is white and ruddy, the chiefest among ten thousand. the chiefest: Heb. a standard bearer

Song of Solomon 5:10 · KJV


Context

8

I charge you, O daughters of Jerusalem, if ye find my beloved, that ye tell him, that I am sick of love. that ye: Heb. what, etc

9

What is thy beloved more than another beloved, O thou fairest among women? what is thy beloved more than another beloved, that thou dost so charge us?

10

My beloved is white and ruddy, the chiefest among ten thousand. the chiefest: Heb. a standard bearer

11

His head is as the most fine gold, his locks are bushy, and black as a raven. bushy: or, curled

12

His eyes are as the eyes of doves by the rivers of waters, washed with milk, and fitly set . fitly: Heb. sitting in fulness, that is, fitly placed, and set as a precious stone in the foil of a ring


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
When asked by the daughters of Jerusalem what makes her beloved special (5:9), the bride begins an elaborate description: 'My beloved is white and ruddy, the chiefest among ten thousand.' The terms 'white' (tsach, צַח, dazzling/radiant) and 'ruddy' (adom, אָדֹם, red/rosy) describe healthy, vibrant appearance—probably fair complexion with rosy color, indicating vigor and vitality. Some translations render this 'radiant and ruddy.' The phrase 'chiefest among ten thousand' (Hebrew 'dagul merevavah,' דָּגוּל מֵרְבָבָה) literally means 'distinguished among a myriad'—he stands out as preeminent among countless others. No one compares to the beloved; he is uniquely excellent and incomparable. This verse introduces the bride's detailed description (verses 10-16) of why her beloved surpasses all others. It teaches that covenant love sees the beloved as utterly unique and supremely valuable—not interchangeable with others but incomparably precious. Theologically, this anticipates Christ's unique excellency: He is 'the chiefest among ten thousand' (KJV), 'altogether lovely' (verse 16), without rival or equal (Philippians 2:9-11; Colossians 1:18).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern poetry employed detailed physical descriptions (wasf) to celebrate the beloved's beauty. The Song follows this convention but elevates the beloved above mere human comparison—he is 'chiefest among ten thousand,' not just handsome but incomparably preeminent. The combination of white/dazzling and ruddy suggests health, vitality, and beauty according to ancient aesthetic standards. The comparison to ten thousand (revavah) uses a large number (myriad) to emphasize uniqueness—even among countless rivals, he stands supreme. Church tradition immediately identified this with Christ. Charles Spurgeon's famous sermon 'The Best Beloved' based on this verse celebrated Christ as supremely excellent—'altogether lovely,' without peer or equal. The Puritans meditated extensively on Christ's excellencies, using this passage to fuel affectionate devotion. Modern readers see both the legitimate celebration of one's spouse as uniquely precious and the supreme application to Christ, who alone is truly 'chiefest among ten thousand,' worthy of ultimate love and devotion.

Reflection Questions

  1. How is Christ 'chiefest among ten thousand' in your life—genuinely supreme and incomparable, or merely one priority among many competing allegiances?
  2. What specific excellencies and beauties of Christ's character most captivate your affection and devotion?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 5 words
דּוֹדִ֥י1 of 5

My beloved

H1730

(figuratively) to love; by implication, a love-token, lover, friend; specifically an uncle

צַח֙2 of 5

is white

H6703

dazzling, i.e., sunny, bright, (figuratively) evident

וְאָד֔וֹם3 of 5

and ruddy

H122

rosy

דָּג֖וּל4 of 5

the chiefest

H1713

to flaunt, i.e., raise a flag; figuratively, to be conspicuous

מֵרְבָבָֽה׃5 of 5

among ten thousand

H7233

abundance (in number), i.e., (specifically) a myriad (whether definite or indefinite)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Song of Solomon. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Song of Solomon 5:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Song of Solomon 5:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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