King James Version

What Does Romans 2:18 Mean?

Romans 2:18 in the King James Version says “And knowest his will, and approvest the things that are more excellent, being instructed out of the law; approvest: or, ... — study this verse from Romans chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And knowest his will, and approvest the things that are more excellent, being instructed out of the law; approvest: or, triest the things that differ

Romans 2:18 · KJV


Context

16

In the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ according to my gospel.

17

Behold, thou art called a Jew, and restest in the law, and makest thy boast of God,

18

And knowest his will, and approvest the things that are more excellent, being instructed out of the law; approvest: or, triest the things that differ

19

And art confident that thou thyself art a guide of the blind, a light of them which are in darkness,

20

An instructor of the foolish, a teacher of babes, which hast the form of knowledge and of the truth in the law.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And knowest his will, and approvest the things that are more excellent, being instructed out of the lawγινώσκεις τὸ θέλημα καὶ δοκιμάζεις τὰ διαφέροντα κατηχούμενος ἐκ τοῦ νόμου (ginōskeis to thelēma kai dokimazeis ta diapheronta katēchoumenos ek tou nomou). Γινώσκω (ginōskō, "know") indicates intimate knowledge of God's will through Torah. Δοκιμάζω (dokimazō, "test/approve/discern") means critically evaluating to determine what's superior. Τὰ διαφέροντα (ta diapheronta, "the things that differ/excel") could mean distinguishing between options or recognizing what's superior.

Being instructed out of the lawκατηχούμενος ἐκ τοῦ νόμου (katēchoumenos ek tou nomou). Κατηχέω (katēcheō, "instruct/teach") gives us "catechism." Jews received systematic Torah instruction from childhood, learning to distinguish clean/unclean, sacred/profane, ethical/unethical. This was genuine privilege (Romans 3:1-2, 9:4-5), but knowledge without obedience becomes condemnation rather than commendation.

Paul acknowledges legitimate Jewish advantages: knowing God's will through Scripture, ability to discern moral excellence, comprehensive religious education. These aren't fabrications but real benefits of covenant status. However, verses 21-24 will expose the tragedy: possessing truth without living it, teaching righteousness while practicing sin, bearing God's name while blaspheming it through hypocrisy. Knowledge increases accountability (Luke 12:47-48); to whom much is given, much is required.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish education emphasized Torah from childhood. Boys attended synagogue schools learning Hebrew, memorizing Scripture, studying rabbinic interpretation. The Shema (Deuteronomy 6:4-9) commanded teaching children diligently. By Jesus's era, Jews prided themselves on superior moral knowledge versus Gentile ignorance. Jesus confronted this in John 5:39-40: searching scriptures while rejecting the One they testified about. Knowledge became end rather than means, fostering pride instead of humility.

Reflection Questions

  1. Do I possess knowledge of God's will (biblical literacy) without corresponding obedience, treating theology as intellectual exercise rather than life transformation?
  2. How does my ability to 'approve the things that are more excellent' translate into choosing them, or do I merely recognize what's right while doing what's wrong?
  3. In what ways does being 'instructed' in Scripture create pride or presumption rather than gratitude and responsibility?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 12 words
καὶ1 of 12

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

γινώσκεις2 of 12

knowest

G1097

to "know" (absolutely) in a great variety of applications and with many implications (as follow, with others not thus clearly expressed)

τὸ3 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

θέλημα4 of 12

his will

G2307

a determination (properly, the thing), i.e., (actively) choice (specially, purpose, decree; abstractly, volition) or (passively) inclination

καὶ5 of 12

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

δοκιμάζεις6 of 12

approvest

G1381

to test (literally or figuratively); by implication, to approve

τὰ7 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

διαφέροντα8 of 12

the things that are more excellent

G1308

to bear through, i.e., (literally) transport; usually to bear apart, i.e., (objectively) to toss about (figuratively, report); subjectively, to "diffe

κατηχούμενος9 of 12

being instructed

G2727

to sound down into the ears, i.e., (by implication) to indoctrinate ("catechize") or (genitive case) to apprise of

ἐκ10 of 12

out of

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

τοῦ11 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

νόμου12 of 12

the law

G3551

law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 2:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 2:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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