King James Version

What Does Psalms 80:13 Mean?

Psalms 80:13 in the King James Version says “The boar out of the wood doth waste it, and the wild beast of the field doth devour it. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 80 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The boar out of the wood doth waste it, and the wild beast of the field doth devour it.

Psalms 80:13 · KJV


Context

11

She sent out her boughs unto the sea, and her branches unto the river.

12

Why hast thou then broken down her hedges, so that all they which pass by the way do pluck her?

13

The boar out of the wood doth waste it, and the wild beast of the field doth devour it.

14

Return, we beseech thee, O God of hosts: look down from heaven, and behold, and visit this vine;

15

And the vineyard which thy right hand hath planted, and the branch that thou madest strong for thyself.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The boar out of the wood doth waste it, and the wild beast of the field doth devour it. This verse specifies the predators ravaging the exposed vineyard. "The boar out of the wood" (yekarsemenah chazir miyya'ar, יְכַרְסְמֶנָּה חֲזִיר מִיָּעַר) introduces destructive wild swine. Chazir (חֲזִיר) is swine/boar—unclean animal (Leviticus 11:7; Deuteronomy 14:8) that roots up vineyards, destroying roots and vines systematically. Karsem (כָּרְסֵם) means to gnaw, eat off—suggesting thorough, destructive feeding that ruins vines beyond immediate consumption. Boars from the forest represent powerful, unclean forces devastating God's holy vine.

"The wild beast of the field doth devour it" (veziz sadai yir'ennah, וְזִיז שָׂדַי יִרְעֶנָּה) adds comprehensive threat. Ziz (זִיז) is uncertain term, possibly referring to insects, small animals, or general designation for field creatures. The verb ra'ah (רָעָה) means to feed, graze, devour—suggesting the vineyard has become pasture for creatures that should never access it. Together, "boar" and "wild beast" represent all destructive forces—great and small—now feeding freely on what was God's protected possession.

The unclean animals (swine) devastating God's holy vine intensifies the tragedy: not only is Israel suffering, but unclean nations defile what was consecrated to Yahweh. The imagery anticipates Jesus's parable warning against casting pearls before swine (Matthew 7:6) and his lament over Jerusalem (Matthew 23:37-38). The comprehensive devastation—large predators and small creatures—suggests nothing remains to salvage without divine intervention.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Wild boars were serious agricultural pests in ancient Palestine, particularly destructive to vineyards and grain fields. The designation of swine as unclean made them fitting metaphors for hostile Gentile nations devastating Israel. Various commentators identify the boar with different historical enemies: Assyria, Babylon, or regional powers like Aram. The dual threat—large predators and small creatures—suggests waves of attacks: major conquests followed by ongoing raids by minor powers, comprehensively devastating the land until nothing remained of former glory.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do the 'unclean' predators (boar, wild beasts) devastating God's vineyard represent spiritual threats to God's people today?
  2. What is the proper response when both major threats (boars) and minor persistent attacks (wild beasts) simultaneously assault believers' spiritual vitality?
  3. How does recognizing that God allowed the hedge removal (verse 12) that permitted these attacks shape understanding of spiritual warfare and protection?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
יְכַרְסְמֶ֣נָּֽה1 of 6

doth waste

H3765

to lay waste

חֲזִ֣יר2 of 6

The boar

H2386

a hog (perhaps as penned)

מִיָּ֑עַר3 of 6

out of the wood

H3293

a copse of bushes; hence, a forest; hence, honey in the comb (as hived in trees)

וְזִ֖יז4 of 6

it and the wild beast

H2123

fulness of the breast

שָׂדַ֣י5 of 6

of the field

H7704

a field (as flat)

יִרְעֶֽנָּה׃6 of 6

doth devour

H7462

to tend a flock; i.e., pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a frie


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 80:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 80:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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