King James Version

What Does Psalms 78:51 Mean?

Psalms 78:51 in the King James Version says “And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their strength in the tabernacles of Ham: — study this verse from Psalms chapter 78 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their strength in the tabernacles of Ham:

Psalms 78:51 · KJV


Context

49

He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger, wrath, and indignation, and trouble, by sending evil angels among them.

50

He made a way to his anger; he spared not their soul from death, but gave their life over to the pestilence; He made: Heb. He weighed a path life: or, beasts to the murrain

51

And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their strength in the tabernacles of Ham:

52

But made his own people to go forth like sheep, and guided them in the wilderness like a flock.

53

And he led them on safely, so that they feared not: but the sea overwhelmed their enemies. overwhelmed: Heb. covered


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their strength in the tabernacles of Ham. Nāḵâ (נָכָה, "smote") is the verb for striking down in battle or execution—violent, decisive action. Bĕḵôr (בְּכוֹר, "firstborn") held primacy in inheritance and family honor. Rēʾšît ʾônîm (רֵאשִׁית אוֹנִים, "chief of strength") poetically describes the firstborn as the "beginning of vigor"—the prime of manhood.

"Tabernacles of Ham" (ʾohălê-Ḥām, אָהֳלֵי־חָם) uses Ham, Noah's son and Egypt's ancestor (Genesis 10:6), to emphasize Egypt's lineage. God struck Egypt in its homes (ʾohel, tent/dwelling), the most intimate space. No palace security or religious ritual could prevent the destroying angel's entrance.

This final plague accomplished Exodus: Pharaoh's heart was finally broken by losing his own son. The typology is profound—Egypt's firstborn died so Israel (God's firstborn, Exodus 4:22) could live, foreshadowing Christ (God's ultimate Firstborn) dying so believers might live. Passover blood protected then; Christ's blood protects eternally.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Exodus 12:29-30 describes universal mourning—no house without a death. This plague shattered Egypt completely, leading to Israel's release and the plundering of Egypt. The Passover became Israel's defining memorial, celebrated annually and fulfilled in Christ, our Passover Lamb (1 Corinthians 5:7).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the death of Egypt's firstborn to free Israel foreshadow Christ's death to free believers?
  2. What does God striking "all the firstborn" without exception teach about His impartiality in judgment?
  3. How should remembering Israel's deliverance through substitutionary death shape your worship and gratitude?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
וַיַּ֣ךְ1 of 8

And smote

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

כָּל2 of 8
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

בְּכ֣וֹר3 of 8

all the firstborn

H1060

first-born; hence, chief

בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם4 of 8

in Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

רֵאשִׁ֥ית5 of 8

the chief

H7225

the first, in place, time, order or rank (specifically, a firstfruit)

א֝וֹנִ֗ים6 of 8

of their strength

H202

ability, power, (figuratively) wealth

בְּאָהֳלֵי7 of 8

in the tabernacles

H168

a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)

חָֽם׃8 of 8

of Ham

H2526

cham, a son of noah; also (as a patronymic) his descendants or their country


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 78:51 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 78:51 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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