King James Version

What Does Psalms 38:19 Mean?

Psalms 38:19 in the King James Version says “But mine enemies are lively, and they are strong: and they that hate me wrongfully are multiplied. are lively: Heb. bein... — study this verse from Psalms chapter 38 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But mine enemies are lively, and they are strong: and they that hate me wrongfully are multiplied. are lively: Heb. being living, are strong

Psalms 38:19 · KJV


Context

17

For I am ready to halt, and my sorrow is continually before me. to halt: Heb. for halting

18

For I will declare mine iniquity; I will be sorry for my sin.

19

But mine enemies are lively, and they are strong: and they that hate me wrongfully are multiplied. are lively: Heb. being living, are strong

20

They also that render evil for good are mine adversaries; because I follow the thing that good is.

21

Forsake me not, O LORD: O my God, be not far from me.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But mine enemies are lively, and they are strong: and they that hate me wrongfully are multiplied. The contrast: David weakens (vv.1-18) while enemies are lively (חַי, chay, vigorous/living) and strong (עָצוּם, atsum, mighty/numerous). Those who hate wrongfully (שָׂנֵא שֶׁקֶר, sane sheqer, hate with deception/falsehood) are multiplied (רָבַב, rabab, increased).

David experiences the paradox of discipline: while he's crushed under God's hand, his adversaries flourish. The phrase 'hate me wrongfully' (Hebrew: sheqer, without cause/falsely) anticipates Psalm 69:4 and Christ's prophecy: 'They hated me without a cause' (John 15:25). Unjust suffering while weakened by legitimate discipline creates profound tension—testing whether David will trust God's justice or despair.

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Historical & Cultural Context

David's conspiring enemies (Absalom, Ahithophel, others) gained strength precisely when illness/discipline weakened him. Ancient near eastern politics operated on perceived strength—vultures circled the wounded. The multiplication of 'wrongful' enemies suggests opportunistic allies joining David's downfall. Yet this same pattern would characterize Messiah's rejection.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you respond when legitimate discipline from God coincides with illegitimate attacks from enemies?
  2. What does the flourishing of 'wrongful' enemies while you're weakened teach about temporal versus eternal justice?
  3. How does knowing Christ was 'hated wrongfully' encourage you when suffering unjust opposition during seasons of discipline?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
וְֽ֭אֹיְבַי1 of 6

But mine enemies

H341

hating; an adversary

חַיִּ֣ים2 of 6

are lively

H2416

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin

עָצֵ֑מוּ3 of 6

and they are strong

H6105

to bind fast, i.e., close (the eyes); intransitively, to be (causatively, make) powerful or numerous; to crunch the bones

וְרַבּ֖וּ4 of 6

are multiplied

H7231

properly, to cast together , i.e., increase, especially in number; to multiply by the myriad

שֹׂנְאַ֣י5 of 6

and they that hate

H8130

to hate (personally)

שָֽׁקֶר׃6 of 6

me wrongfully

H8267

an untruth; by implication, a sham (often adverbial)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 38:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 38:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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