King James Version

What Does Numbers 30:13 Mean?

Numbers 30:13 in the King James Version says “Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her husband may establish it, or her husband may make it void. — study this verse from Numbers chapter 30 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her husband may establish it, or her husband may make it void.

Numbers 30:13 · KJV


Context

11

And her husband heard it, and held his peace at her, and disallowed her not: then all her vows shall stand, and every bond wherewith she bound her soul shall stand.

12

But if her husband hath utterly made them void on the day he heard them; then whatsoever proceeded out of her lips concerning her vows, or concerning the bond of her soul, shall not stand: her husband hath made them void; and the LORD shall forgive her.

13

Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her husband may establish it, or her husband may make it void.

14

But if her husband altogether hold his peace at her from day to day; then he establisheth all her vows, or all her bonds, which are upon her: he confirmeth them, because he held his peace at her in the day that he heard them.

15

But if he shall any ways make them void after that he hath heard them; then he shall bear her iniquity.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her husband may establish it, or her husband may make it void—The comprehensive statement every vow (כָּל־נֶדֶר kol-neder) and every binding oath to afflict the soul (כָּל־שְׁבֻעַת אִסָּר לְעַנֹּת נָפֶשׁ kol-shevu'at isar le'anot nafesh, oaths involving self-denial/fasting) establishes husband's comprehensive authority—he could establish (יְקִימֶנּוּ yeqimennu, confirm/make stand) or make void (יְפֵרֶנּוּ yeferenu, annul/break) any oath.

The phrase afflict the soul specifically refers to oaths involving fasting, self-denial, or ascetic practices. This authority prevented wives from imposing harmful austerity that might damage health or family wellbeing. The principle extends beyond ancient patriarchy: proper spiritual authority should protect individuals from self-destructive 'spiritual' commitments. Paul warns against ascetic extremism that has 'appearance of wisdom' but lacks true value (Colossians 2:20-23).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Fasting and self-affliction were common religious practices in ancient Israel (Leviticus 16:29,31; 23:27,32). While spiritually beneficial when properly motivated, extreme asceticism could damage health and family functioning. Husbandly authority to annul self-affliction vows protected against religious extremism under guise of piety.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does husbandly authority over 'affliction of soul' vows guard against self-destructive religiosity masquerading as spirituality?
  2. What does the balance between personal religious freedom and protective authority teach about healthy spiritual community?
  3. How can you discern between biblical self-discipline and harmful asceticism that 'afflicts the soul' beyond God's intentions?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
כָּל1 of 11
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

נֵ֛דֶר2 of 11

Every vow

H5088

a promise (to god); also (concretely) a thing promised

וְכָל3 of 11
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

שְׁבֻעַ֥ת4 of 11

oath

H7621

properly, something sworn, i.e., an oath

אִסָּ֖ר5 of 11

and every binding

H632

an obligation or vow (of abstinence)

לְעַנֹּ֣ת6 of 11

to afflict

H6031

to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows)

נָ֑פֶשׁ7 of 11

the soul

H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

וְאִישָׁ֥הּ8 of 11

her husband

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

יְקִימֶ֖נּוּ9 of 11

may establish

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

וְאִישָׁ֥הּ10 of 11

her husband

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

יְפֵרֶֽנּוּ׃11 of 11

may make it void

H6565

to break up (usually figuratively), i.e., to violate, frustrate


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 30:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 30:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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