King James Version

What Does Numbers 19:16 Mean?

Numbers 19:16 in the King James Version says “And whosoever toucheth one that is slain with a sword in the open fields, or a dead body, or a bone of a man, or a grave... — study this verse from Numbers chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And whosoever toucheth one that is slain with a sword in the open fields, or a dead body, or a bone of a man, or a grave, shall be unclean seven days.

Numbers 19:16 · KJV


Context

14

This is the law, when a man dieth in a tent: all that come into the tent, and all that is in the tent, shall be unclean seven days.

15

And every open vessel, which hath no covering bound upon it, is unclean.

16

And whosoever toucheth one that is slain with a sword in the open fields, or a dead body, or a bone of a man, or a grave, shall be unclean seven days.

17

And for an unclean person they shall take of the ashes of the burnt heifer of purification for sin, and running water shall be put thereto in a vessel: ashes: Heb. dust running: Heb. living waters shall be given

18

And a clean person shall take hyssop, and dip it in the water, and sprinkle it upon the tent, and upon all the vessels, and upon the persons that were there, and upon him that touched a bone, or one slain, or one dead, or a grave:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And whosoever toucheth one that is slain with a sword in the open fields, or a dead body, or a bone of a man, or a grave, shall be unclean seven days—This extends the contamination principle beyond tent-deaths to various death-contact scenarios. "Slain with a sword" (chalal cherev, חֲלַל חֶרֶב) refers to violent death in battle. The progression—whole body, partial remains ("bone"), or burial place ("grave")—shows death's contaminating power persists even in fragments and marked locations.

Death defiles regardless of how it occurred or how much of the corpse remains. Even touching a single human bone or standing over a grave transmitted uncleanness. This comprehensive scope demonstrates death's totalizing corruption—no part of death is clean or acceptable. The "seven days" requirement applies universally, treating all death-contact equally seriously. This anticipates that Christ's atonement addresses all sin and death's effects comprehensively—no partial cleansing suffices, only complete purification through His blood.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The "open fields" (sadeh, שָׂדֶה) reference relates to Israel's military context—soldiers would inevitably contact slain enemies. This provision ensured warriors could be purified after battle before rejoining the camp. Graves in ancient Israel were typically caves or rock-cut tombs, often marked with stones. Later Jewish tradition developed the practice of whitewashing tombs to warn travelers against accidental defilement (Matthew 23:27). The bone contamination provision remained significant—even ancient remains defiled, which complicated land use in areas of previous habitation.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does death's defiling power extending to bones and graves illustrate sin's lasting effects?
  2. What does the equal treatment of all forms of death-contact teach about sin's universal seriousness?
  3. In what ways does this comprehensive defilement point to humanity's need for equally comprehensive cleansing through Christ?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
וְכֹ֨ל1 of 18
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֲשֶׁר2 of 18
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יִגַּ֜ע3 of 18

And whosoever toucheth

H5060

properly, to touch, i.e., lay the hand upon (for any purpose; euphemistically, to lie with a woman); by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive

עַל4 of 18
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

פְּנֵ֣י5 of 18

in the open

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה6 of 18

fields

H7704

a field (as flat)

בַּֽחֲלַל7 of 18

one that is slain

H2491

pierced (especially to death); figuratively, polluted

חֶ֙רֶב֙8 of 18

with a sword

H2719

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

א֣וֹ9 of 18
H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

בְמֵ֔ת10 of 18

or a dead body

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

אֽוֹ11 of 18
H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

בְעֶ֥צֶם12 of 18

or a bone

H6106

a bone (as strong); by extension, the body; figuratively, the substance, i.e., (as pron.) selfsame

אָדָ֖ם13 of 18

of a man

H120

ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

א֣וֹ14 of 18
H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

בְקָ֑בֶר15 of 18

or a grave

H6913

a sepulcher

יִטְמָ֖א16 of 18

shall be unclean

H2930

to be foul, especially in a ceremial or moral sense (contaminated)

שִׁבְעַ֥ת17 of 18

seven

H7651

seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number

יָמִֽים׃18 of 18

days

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 19:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 19:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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