King James Version

What Does Matthew 23:19 Mean?

Matthew 23:19 in the King James Version says “Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gift, or the altar that sanctifieth the gift? — study this verse from Matthew chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gift, or the altar that sanctifieth the gift?

Matthew 23:19 · KJV


Context

17

Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gold, or the temple that sanctifieth the gold?

18

And, Whosoever shall swear by the altar, it is nothing; but whosoever sweareth by the gift that is upon it, he is guilty. guilty: or, debtor, or, bound

19

Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gift, or the altar that sanctifieth the gift?

20

Whoso therefore shall swear by the altar, sweareth by it, and by all things thereon .

21

And whoso shall swear by the temple, sweareth by it, and by him that dwelleth therein.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gift, or the altar that sanctifieth the gift?—Jesus repeats His accusation mōroi kai typhloi (μωροὶ καὶ τυφλοί, fools and blind), emphasizing their culpable ignorance. The rhetorical question parallels verse 17's structure: the altar (thysiastērion, θυσιαστήριον) sanctifies the gift (dōron, δῶρον), not the reverse. The altar's holiness derives from God's ordained use of it for sacrifice—the gift becomes holy by contact with the holy altar.

This theological principle comes from Exodus 29:37: whatever touches the altar shall be holy. The Pharisees knew this Scripture but inverted its meaning to serve greed and dishonesty. By making gifts more binding than the altar, they could manipulate people into making larger offerings while excusing themselves from temple oaths. Jesus exposes how they distorted Scripture to rationalize sin while appearing pious—the essence of hypocrisy.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The brazen altar in the Temple courtyard was where burnt offerings, sin offerings, and peace offerings were sacrificed. According to Torah, the altar was anointed and consecrated to God (Exodus 40:10), making it supremely holy. The Pharisees' teaching undermined this by prioritizing the gifts over the God-ordained altar.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do religious systems today invert biblical priorities to serve institutional interests?
  2. What does the altar-sanctifying-gift principle teach about the source of holiness?
  3. Why is it 'foolish' and 'blind' to know Scripture yet twist it to serve selfish ends?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
μωροὶ1 of 15

Ye fools

G3474

dull or stupid (as if shut up), i.e., heedless, (morally) blockhead, (apparently) absurd

καὶ2 of 15

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τυφλοί,3 of 15

blind

G5185

opaque (as if smoky), i.e., (by analogy) blind (physically or mentally)

τί4 of 15

whether

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

γὰρ5 of 15

for

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

μεῖζον6 of 15

is greater

G3187

larger (literally or figuratively, specially, in age)

τὸ7 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δῶρον;8 of 15

the gift

G1435

a present; specially, a sacrifice

9 of 15

or

G2228

disjunctive, or; comparative, than

τὸ10 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

θυσιαστήριον11 of 15

the altar

G2379

a place of sacrifice, i.e., an altar (special or genitive case, literal or figurative)

τὸ12 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἁγιάζον13 of 15

that sanctifieth

G37

to make holy, i.e., (ceremonially) purify or consecrate; (mentally) to venerate

τὸ14 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δῶρον;15 of 15

the gift

G1435

a present; specially, a sacrifice


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 23:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 23:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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