King James Version

What Does Matthew 13:55 Mean?

Matthew 13:55 in the King James Version says “Is not this the carpenter's son? is not his mother called Mary? and his brethren, James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas... — study this verse from Matthew chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Is not this the carpenter's son? is not his mother called Mary? and his brethren, James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas?

Matthew 13:55 · KJV


Context

53

And it came to pass, that when Jesus had finished these parables, he departed thence.

54

And when he was come into his own country, he taught them in their synagogue, insomuch that they were astonished, and said, Whence hath this man this wisdom, and these mighty works?

55

Is not this the carpenter's son? is not his mother called Mary? and his brethren, James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas?

56

And his sisters, are they not all with us? Whence then hath this man all these things?

57

And they were offended in him. But Jesus said unto them, A prophet is not without honour, save in his own country, and in his own house.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Is not this the carpenter's son? (οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός;)—The τέκτων (tektōn) was a craftsman working with wood, stone, or metal—a respectable but common trade. Mark 6:3 calls Jesus Himself 'the carpenter,' showing He worked with His hands (likely until age 30). Their question drips with contempt: 'this one,' 'the son of the carpenter'—attempting to box Jesus into their limited categories. They refused to let His divine works reinterpret His humble origins.

Is not his mother called Mary? and his brethren, James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas?—They name His family to emphasize ordinariness. These ἀδελφοί (adelphoi, 'brothers') are most naturally understood as Jesus's half-brothers, Mary's sons by Joseph after Jesus's virgin birth (the perpetual virginity of Mary is unbiblical tradition). James (Ἰάκωβος) became a church leader (Acts 15:13; Galatians 1:19) and wrote the epistle of James. Judas (Ἰούδας, not Iscariot) wrote Jude. Their initial unbelief (John 7:5) was overcome by Jesus's resurrection appearance (1 Corinthians 15:7).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

In honor-shame cultures like first-century Judaism, family and trade defined social status. Jesus's family was known but unremarkable—no Davidic royalty remained except genealogical record. The mention of His mother and brothers but not Joseph suggests Joseph had died by this time (ca. AD 28-29). The naming of four brothers and reference to sisters (v. 56) indicates a household of at least seven children.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus's ordinary upbringing demonstrate the incarnation's radical condescension (Philippians 2:5-8)?
  2. What does the conversion of Jesus's skeptical brothers teach about persistent prayer for unbelieving family members?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 24 words
οὐχ1 of 24

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

οὗτός2 of 24

this

G3778

the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)

ἐστιν3 of 24

Is

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

4 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

τοῦ5 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

τέκτονος6 of 24

the carpenter's

G5045

an artificer (as producer of fabrics), i.e., (specially), a craftsman in wood

υἱός;7 of 24

son

G5207

a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship

οὐχί8 of 24

not

G3780

not indeed

9 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μήτηρ10 of 24

mother

G3384

a "mother" (literally or figuratively, immediate or remote)

αὐτοῦ11 of 24

his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

λέγεται12 of 24

called

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

Μαριὰμ13 of 24

Mary

G3137

maria or mariam (i.e., mirjam), the name of six christian females

καὶ14 of 24

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

οἱ15 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀδελφοὶ16 of 24

brethren

G80

a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)

αὐτοῦ17 of 24

his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Ἰάκωβος18 of 24

James

G2385

jacobus, the name of three israelites

καὶ19 of 24

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

Ἰωσῆς20 of 24

Joses

G2500

joses, the name of two israelites

καὶ21 of 24

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

Σίμων22 of 24

Simon

G4613

simon (i.e., shimon), the name of nine israelites

καὶ23 of 24

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

Ἰούδας;24 of 24

Judas

G2455

judas (i.e., jehudah), the name of ten israelites; also of the posterity of one of them and its region


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 13:55 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 13:55 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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