King James Version

What Does Luke 13:16 Mean?

Luke 13:16 in the King James Version says “And ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan hath bound, lo, these eighteen years, be loosed from t... — study this verse from Luke chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan hath bound, lo, these eighteen years, be loosed from this bond on the sabbath day?

Luke 13:16 · KJV


Context

14

And the ruler of the synagogue answered with indignation, because that Jesus had healed on the sabbath day, and said unto the people, There are six days in which men ought to work: in them therefore come and be healed, and not on the sabbath day.

15

The Lord then answered him, and said, Thou hypocrite, doth not each one of you on the sabbath loose his ox or his ass from the stall, and lead him away to watering?

16

And ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan hath bound, lo, these eighteen years, be loosed from this bond on the sabbath day?

17

And when he had said these things, all his adversaries were ashamed: and all the people rejoiced for all the glorious things that were done by him.

18

Then said he, Unto what is the kingdom of God like? and whereunto shall I resemble it?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan hath bound, lo, these eighteen years, be loosed from this bond on the sabbath day? Jesus escalates the kal v'chomer argument with devastating force. The phrase "daughter of Abraham" (θυγατέρα Ἀβραὰμ, thygatera Abraam) emphasizes her covenant status—she belongs to God's people, heir to the promises. Jesus affirms her full standing in Israel despite her affliction, contradicting assumptions that disability indicated divine disfavor.

The clause "whom Satan hath bound" (ἣν ἔδησεν ὁ Σατανᾶς, hēn edēsen ho Satanas) reveals the spiritual dimension. The verb deō (δέω) means to bind, tie, imprison—the opposite of lyō (λύω, to loose) used in verses 12, 15, and 16. This woman's suffering resulted from demonic oppression, making her condition not merely medical but spiritual warfare. Satan binds; Jesus looses. The Sabbath, God's gift of rest and liberation, is the perfect day to break Satan's chains.

The time reference—"eighteen years" (δέκα καὶ ὀκτὼ ἔτη)—underscores the urgency. Nearly two decades of suffering! Yet the ruler demanded she wait another day. Jesus' rhetorical question expects the answer "Yes, of course she should be loosed!" The argument is irresistible: if you loose animals from mere physical need, how much more should this covenant daughter be loosed from Satanic bondage? The Sabbath celebrates liberation from slavery (Deuteronomy 5:15)—what better day to free a captive?

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The title "daughter of Abraham" affirmed Jewish identity and covenant membership. Romans 9:4-5 lists the privileges of Israelites: adoption, glory, covenants, law, worship, promises, patriarchs, and Messiah. Jesus asserts that this woman, despite physical disability, fully belongs to the covenant community. His appeal to Abraham resonates with Jewish honor for their patriarch and counters any suggestion that her condition disqualified her from God's favor. The Sabbath itself commemorated deliverance from Egyptian bondage (Deuteronomy 5:15), making liberation from Satan's bondage perfectly appropriate for the Sabbath.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does Jesus' defense of the woman as a 'daughter of Abraham' teach about the full inclusion of all believers regardless of physical condition?
  2. How does recognizing spiritual warfare behind some physical suffering affect our approach to prayer and ministry?
  3. Why is the Sabbath (commemorating liberation from slavery) the perfect day to break Satan's chains?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 25 words
ταύτην1 of 25
G3778

the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)

δὲ2 of 25

And

G1161

but, and, etc

θυγατέρα3 of 25

a daughter

G2364

a female child, or (by hebraism) descendant (or inhabitant)

Ἀβραὰμ4 of 25

of Abraham

G11

abraham, the hebrew patriarch

οὖσαν5 of 25

being

G5607

being

ἣν6 of 25

whom

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

ἔδησεν7 of 25

hath bound

G1210

to bind (in various applications, literally or figuratively)

8 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Σατανᾶς9 of 25

Satan

G4567

the accuser, i.e., the devil

ἰδού,10 of 25

lo

G2400

used as imperative lo!

δέκα11 of 25

these eighteen

G1176

ten

καὶ12 of 25
G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ὀκτὼ13 of 25
G3638

"eight"

ἔτη14 of 25

years

G2094

a year

οὐκ15 of 25

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἔδει16 of 25

ought

G1163

also deon deh-on'; neuter active participle of the same; both used impersonally; it is (was, etc.) necessary (as binding)

λυθῆναι17 of 25

be loosed

G3089

to "loosen" (literally or figuratively)

ἀπὸ18 of 25

from

G575

"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)

τοῦ19 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δεσμοῦ20 of 25

bond

G1199

a band, i.e., ligament (of the body) or shackle (of a prisoner); figuratively, an impediment or disability

τούτου21 of 25

this

G5127

of (from or concerning) this (person or thing)

τῇ22 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἡμέρᾳ23 of 25

day

G2250

day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of

τοῦ24 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σαββάτου25 of 25

on the sabbath

G4521

the sabbath (i.e., shabbath), or day of weekly repose from secular avocations (also the observance or institution itself); by extension, a se'nnight,


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 13:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 13:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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