King James Version

What Does Luke 11:30 Mean?

Luke 11:30 in the King James Version says “For as Jonas was a sign unto the Ninevites, so shall also the Son of man be to this generation. — study this verse from Luke chapter 11 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

For as Jonas was a sign unto the Ninevites, so shall also the Son of man be to this generation.

Luke 11:30 · KJV


Context

28

But he said, Yea rather, blessed are they that hear the word of God, and keep it.

29

And when the people were gathered thick together, he began to say, This is an evil generation: they seek a sign; and there shall no sign be given it, but the sign of Jonas the prophet.

30

For as Jonas was a sign unto the Ninevites, so shall also the Son of man be to this generation.

31

The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with the men of this generation, and condemn them: for she came from the utmost parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a greater than Solomon is here.

32

The men of Nineve shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for they repented at the preaching of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas is here.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For as Jonas was a sign unto the Ninevites, so shall also the Son of man be to this generation (καθὼς γὰρ ἐγένετο Ἰωνᾶς τοῖς Νινευΐταις σημεῖον, οὕτως ἔσται καὶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου)—the comparative structure establishes typological correspondence between Jonah and Jesus. Jonah became a sēmeion (sign) to Nineveh through his three-day entombment in the fish followed by emergence to proclaim judgment. Jesus identifies as the Son of man (Daniel 7:13-14). The 'sign' isn't another miracle but Jesus's death, burial, resurrection—ultimate validation of messianic identity.

Matthew's parallel explicitly states 'as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth' (Matthew 12:40). Yet this 'evil generation' will reject even resurrection testimony.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The book of Jonah was well-known in Second Temple Judaism, often interpreted as depicting God's mercy toward Gentile repentance. Jesus's use of Jonah as a type prefiguring himself would shock his audience—comparing himself to the reluctant, rebellious prophet while commending Gentile Ninevites. This foreshadows the gospel going to Gentiles when Israel largely rejects it.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the 'sign of Jonah' (death and resurrection) surpass all other miracles as validation of Christ's identity?
  2. What does Jesus's choice of a Gentile city (Nineveh) as an example of repentance reveal about Israel's unbelief?
  3. Why might the greatest sign (resurrection) still fail to convince those determined not to believe?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 17 words
καθὼς1 of 17

as

G2531

just (or inasmuch) as, that

γὰρ2 of 17

For

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

ἐγένετο3 of 17

was

G1096

to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)

Ἰωνᾶς4 of 17

Jonas

G2495

jonas (i.e., jonah), the name of two israelites

σημεῖον5 of 17

a sign

G4592

an indication, especially ceremonially or supernaturally

τοῖς6 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Νινευίταις7 of 17

unto the Ninevites

G3536

a ninevite, i.e., inhabitant of nineveh

οὕτως8 of 17

so

G3779

in this way (referring to what precedes or follows)

ἔσται9 of 17

be

G2071

will be

καὶ10 of 17

also

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

11 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

υἱὸς12 of 17

the Son

G5207

a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship

τοῦ13 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀνθρώπου14 of 17

of man

G444

man-faced, i.e., a human being

τῇ15 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γενεᾷ16 of 17

generation

G1074

a generation; by implication, an age (the period or the persons)

ταύτῃ17 of 17
G3778

the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 11:30 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 11:30 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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