King James Version

What Does Joshua 5:13 Mean?

Joshua 5:13 in the King James Version says “And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, there stood a man o... — study this verse from Joshua chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, there stood a man over against him with his sword drawn in his hand: and Joshua went unto him, and said unto him, Art thou for us, or for our adversaries?

Joshua 5:13 · KJV


Context

11

And they did eat of the old corn of the land on the morrow after the passover, unleavened cakes, and parched corn in the selfsame day.

12

And the manna ceased on the morrow after they had eaten of the old corn of the land; neither had the children of Israel manna any more; but they did eat of the fruit of the land of Canaan that year.

13

And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, there stood a man over against him with his sword drawn in his hand: and Joshua went unto him, and said unto him, Art thou for us, or for our adversaries?

14

And he said, Nay; but as captain of the host of the LORD am I now come. And Joshua fell on his face to the earth, and did worship, and said unto him, What saith my lord unto his servant? captain: or, prince

15

And the captain of the LORD'S host said unto Joshua, Loose thy shoe from off thy foot; for the place whereon thou standest is holy. And Joshua did so.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This encounter reveals a theophany—an appearance of the pre-incarnate Christ as "commander of the army of the LORD" (verse 14). The mysterious figure holds a drawn sword, symbolizing readiness for divine judgment and conquest. Joshua's question—"Art thou for us, or for our adversaries?"—reveals human tendency to enlist God for our purposes rather than aligning ourselves with His. The commander's response (verse 14) is profound: "Nay; but as captain of the host of the LORD am I now come." God doesn't take sides in human conflicts; rather, He pursues His own purposes, and humans must choose to align with Him. The drawn sword indicates God comes as warrior to execute judgment on Canaanite wickedness and fulfill covenant promises to Abraham. Joshua's immediate response—falling on his face in worship and asking "What saith my lord unto his servant?"—demonstrates proper recognition of divine authority and submission to God's leadership. The command to remove sandals (verse 15) echoes Moses' experience at the burning bush (Exodus 3:5), identifying this as holy ground where God's presence manifests. This encounter reorients Joshua from military commander to God's servant executing divine strategy. The conquest succeeds not through human military brilliance but through obedience to the divine Commander who fights for Israel.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This encounter occurred as Joshua surveyed Jericho, assessing the city's formidable defenses before the assault. Jericho's walls were massive—archaeological excavations reveal walls up to 30 feet high and 10-15 feet thick, with towers providing strategic defense. The city controlled the Jordan River crossing and access to Canaan's interior, making it the strategic key to conquest. Joshua needed divine guidance for attacking such a fortress. The appearance of the divine warrior assured Joshua that supernatural power would achieve victory beyond human tactics. Ancient Near Eastern warfare involved invoking deity's aid, but Israel's experience was unique—their God personally appeared to lead battle. The title "commander of the army of the LORD" (sar-tseva Yahweh, שַׂר־צְבָא יְהוָה) designates supreme military authority. The term tseva (צָבָא, "host") can refer to earthly armies or heavenly hosts (angels), suggesting this commander leads both realms. This christophany parallels other Old Testament appearances where the Angel of the LORD speaks as God Himself (Genesis 16:7-13, 22:11-18, Exodus 3:2-6). The encounter established that the conquest was Yahweh's holy war—divine judgment on Canaanite wickedness rather than Israelite imperialism. God fought for Israel when they obeyed His commands, but fought against them when they sinned (Joshua 7).

Reflection Questions

  1. In what areas of life are you trying to enlist God's support for your plans rather than submitting to His purposes and aligning with His will?
  2. How does recognizing Christ as the Commander of the LORD's army change your perspective on spiritual battles and the challenges you face?
  3. What does Joshua's immediate worship and submission teach about the proper response when encountering God's holiness and authority?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 23 words
וַיְהִ֗י1 of 23
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

בִּֽהְי֣וֹת2 of 23
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ3 of 23

And it came to pass when Joshua

H3091

jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader

בִּֽירִיחוֹ֒4 of 23

was by Jericho

H3405

jericho or jerecho, a place in palestine

וַיִּשָּׂ֤א5 of 23

that he lifted up

H5375

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

עֵינָיו֙6 of 23

his eyes

H5869

an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)

וַיַּ֔רְא7 of 23

and looked

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

וְהִנֵּה8 of 23
H2009

lo!

אִישׁ֙9 of 23

a man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

עֹמֵ֣ד10 of 23

and behold there stood

H5975

to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

לְנֶגְדּ֔וֹ11 of 23
H5048

a front, i.e., part opposite; specifically a counterpart, or mate; usually (adverbial, especially with preposition) over against or before

וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ12 of 23

over against him with his sword

H2719

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

שְׁלוּפָ֖ה13 of 23

drawn

H8025

to pull out, up or off

בְּיָד֑וֹ14 of 23

in his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ15 of 23
H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ16 of 23

And it came to pass when Joshua

H3091

jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader

אֵלָיו֙17 of 23
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר18 of 23

unto him and said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

ל֔וֹ19 of 23
H0
הֲלָ֥נוּ20 of 23
H0
אַתָּ֖ה21 of 23
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

אִם22 of 23
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

לְצָרֵֽינוּ׃23 of 23

unto him Art thou for us or for our adversaries

H6862

a pebble (as in h6864)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 5:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 5:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study