King James Version

What Does Joshua 17:13 Mean?

Joshua 17:13 in the King James Version says “Yet it came to pass, when the children of Israel were waxen strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute; but did not... — study this verse from Joshua chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Yet it came to pass, when the children of Israel were waxen strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute; but did not utterly drive them out.

Joshua 17:13 · KJV


Context

11

And Manasseh had in Issachar and in Asher Bethshean and her towns, and Ibleam and her towns, and the inhabitants of Dor and her towns, and the inhabitants of Endor and her towns, and the inhabitants of Taanach and her towns, and the inhabitants of Megiddo and her towns, even three countries.

12

Yet the children of Manasseh could not drive out the inhabitants of those cities; but the Canaanites would dwell in that land.

13

Yet it came to pass, when the children of Israel were waxen strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute; but did not utterly drive them out.

14

And the children of Joseph spake unto Joshua, saying, Why hast thou given me but one lot and one portion to inherit, seeing I am a great people, forasmuch as the LORD hath blessed me hitherto?

15

And Joshua answered them, If thou be a great people, then get thee up to the wood country, and cut down for thyself there in the land of the Perizzites and of the giants, if mount Ephraim be too narrow for thee. giants: or, Rephaims


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Yet it came to pass, when the children of Israel were waxen strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute; but did not utterly drive them out—The phrase ki chazqu benei Yisrael (כִּי חָזְקוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל, "when the children of Israel were waxen strong") indicates increasing military power over time. The verb chazaq (חָזַק, "strong, prevailed") ironically echoes God's command to Joshua to "be strong and courageous" (1:6-7, 9)—but Israel uses strength for compromise rather than obedience.

Instead of completing conquest, they put the Canaanites to tribute (vayitnu et-haKena'ani lamas, וַיִּתְּנוּ אֶת־הַכְּנַעֲנִי לָמַס, "made the Canaanites tributary labor"). The noun mas (מַס) refers to forced labor or corvée, a system where subjected peoples worked for their conquerors. This pragmatic solution provided economic benefit (free labor) but directly violated God's command to utterly destroy the Canaanites (Hebrew horem tacharimem, חָרֵם תַּחֲרִימֵם, Deuteronomy 20:17). They substituted their wisdom for God's, prioritizing short-term economic gain over long-term spiritual purity. Solomon would later expand this forced labor system (1 Kings 9:20-21), but its seeds were planted here through disobedience.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Forced labor (corvée) was standard practice in ancient Near Eastern empires—Egypt used Hebrew slaves for building projects (Exodus 1:11), and later Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian empires employed similar systems. By adopting this practice with Canaanites, Israel imitated pagan nations rather than maintaining covenant distinctiveness. The economic temptation was obvious: skilled Canaanite workers could build cities, work fields, and increase productivity. But God's command to destroy Canaanites wasn't arbitrary cruelty—it was spiritual quarantine against religions involving child sacrifice, cult prostitution, and practices that debased the image of God in humanity (Leviticus 18:21-30). The compromise proved disastrous: within a generation, Israel was worshiping Baal and Asherah (Judges 2:11-13), vindicating God's wisdom. The pattern repeated throughout history: pragmatic compromise with sin leads to spiritual catastrophe.

Reflection Questions

  1. In what areas of life are you tempted to manage or utilize sin (put it to tribute) rather than utterly destroy it as God commands?
  2. How does the economic benefit of keeping Canaanite workers illustrate the short-term gains that tempt us to compromise God's standards?
  3. What can we learn from Israel's failure about the danger of substituting our practical wisdom for God's revealed commands, even when our way seems more reasonable?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַיְהִ֗י1 of 12
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

כִּ֤י2 of 12
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

חָֽזְקוּ֙3 of 12

were waxen strong

H2388

to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restra

בְּנֵ֣י4 of 12

Yet it came to pass when the children

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל5 of 12

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

וַיִּתְּנ֥וּ6 of 12

that they put

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

אֶת7 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י8 of 12

the Canaanites

H3669

a kenaanite or inhabitant of kenaan; by implication, a pedlar (the canaanites standing for their neighbors the ishmaelites, who conducted mercantile c

לָמַ֑ס9 of 12

to tribute

H4522

properly, a burden (as causing to faint), i.e., a tax in the form of forced labor

הֽוֹרִישֽׁוֹ׃10 of 12

but did not utterly

H3423

to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing in their place); by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish

לֹ֥א11 of 12
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

הֽוֹרִישֽׁוֹ׃12 of 12

but did not utterly

H3423

to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing in their place); by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 17:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 17:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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