King James Version

What Does Joshua 16:10 Mean?

Joshua 16:10 in the King James Version says “And they drave not out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer: but the Canaanites dwell among the Ephraimites unto this day,... — study this verse from Joshua chapter 16 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And they drave not out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer: but the Canaanites dwell among the Ephraimites unto this day, and serve under tribute.

Joshua 16:10 · KJV


Context

8

The border went out from Tappuah westward unto the river Kanah; and the goings out thereof were at the sea. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Ephraim by their families.

9

And the separate cities for the children of Ephraim were among the inheritance of the children of Manasseh, all the cities with their villages.

10

And they drave not out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer: but the Canaanites dwell among the Ephraimites unto this day, and serve under tribute.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This verse records Ephraim's failure to complete God's command, introducing the pattern of partial obedience dominating Judges. The phrase 'they drave not out' (lo horishu, לֹא הוֹרִישׁוּ) indicates willful failure—they could have but didn't expel the Canaanites. Gezer remained Canaanite until Solomon's time (1 Kings 9:16). The compromise 'serve under tribute' (mas-oved, מַס־עֹבֵד) means forced labor—Ephraim enslaved rather than destroyed the Canaanites, violating God's command (Deuteronomy 7:1-5). This pragmatic compromise prioritized economic benefit over obedience, leading to spiritual disaster. The phrase 'unto this day' (ad hayom hazeh, עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה) indicates this situation persisted when Joshua was written. From a Reformed perspective, this demonstrates how partial obedience is disobedience—tolerating what God commanded destroyed inevitably corrupts. The pattern intensifies in Judges where incomplete conquest led to intermarriage, idolatry, and cycles of apostasy-judgment-deliverance.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Gezer was a strategic Canaanite city controlling the coastal plain approaches to Jerusalem. Archaeological excavations reveal continuous Canaanite occupation through Israel's early history, confirming Joshua's account. The city finally came to Israel as dowry when Pharaoh conquered it and gave it to his daughter, Solomon's wife (1 Kings 9:16). Ephraim's compromise began Israel's pattern of peaceful coexistence with Canaanites contrary to God's command. Judges 1 catalogs similar failures across tribes: Manasseh, Zebulun, Asher, Naphtali all failed to drive out inhabitants, choosing tribute over destruction. These compromises led directly to the apostasy cycles in Judges and Israel's eventual exile.

Reflection Questions

  1. What 'Canaanites' (tolerating sins, compromising obedience) have you enslaved rather than destroyed?
  2. How does pragmatism (economic benefit, convenience) tempt you toward partial obedience rather than complete surrender?
  3. What consequences of past partial obedience are you experiencing 'unto this day'?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
וְלֹ֣א1 of 16
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

הוֹרִ֔ישׁוּ2 of 16

And they drave not out

H3423

to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing in their place); by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish

אֶת3 of 16
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֜י4 of 16

but the Canaanites

H3669

a kenaanite or inhabitant of kenaan; by implication, a pedlar (the canaanites standing for their neighbors the ishmaelites, who conducted mercantile c

וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב5 of 16

dwell

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

בְּגָ֑זֶר6 of 16

in Gezer

H1507

gezer, a place in palestine

וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב7 of 16

dwell

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֜י8 of 16

but the Canaanites

H3669

a kenaanite or inhabitant of kenaan; by implication, a pedlar (the canaanites standing for their neighbors the ishmaelites, who conducted mercantile c

בְּקֶ֤רֶב9 of 16

among

H7130

properly, the nearest part, i.e., the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with preposition)

אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙10 of 16

the Ephraimites

H669

ephrajim, a son of joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory

עַד11 of 16
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

הַיּ֣וֹם12 of 16

unto this day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הַזֶּ֔ה13 of 16
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

וַיְהִ֖י14 of 16
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לְמַס15 of 16

under tribute

H4522

properly, a burden (as causing to faint), i.e., a tax in the form of forced labor

עֹבֵֽד׃16 of 16

and serve

H5647

to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 16:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 16:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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