King James Version

What Does Joshua 13:16 Mean?

Joshua 13:16 in the King James Version says “And their coast was from Aroer, that is on the bank of the river Arnon, and the city that is in the midst of the river, ... — study this verse from Joshua chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And their coast was from Aroer, that is on the bank of the river Arnon, and the city that is in the midst of the river, and all the plain by Medeba;

Joshua 13:16 · KJV


Context

14

Only unto the tribe of Levi he gave none inheritance; the sacrifices of the LORD God of Israel made by fire are their inheritance, as he said unto them.

15

And Moses gave unto the tribe of the children of Reuben inheritance according to their families.

16

And their coast was from Aroer, that is on the bank of the river Arnon, and the city that is in the midst of the river, and all the plain by Medeba;

17

Heshbon, and all her cities that are in the plain; Dibon, and Bamothbaal, and Bethbaalmeon, Bamothbaal: or, the high places of Baal, and house of Baalmeon

18

And Jahazah, and Kedemoth, and Mephaath,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And their coast was from Aroer, that is on the bank of the river Arnon—Aroer (עֲרוֹעֵר) was a fortified city on the northern rim of the Arnon gorge, marking Reuben's southern boundary. The Arnon River (נַחַל אַרְנוֹן) served as a natural fortress, a deep canyon cutting through the Moabite plateau. This boundary had been established when Israel defeated Sihon, king of the Amorites (Numbers 21:24-26).

The city that is in the midst of the river, and all the plain by Medeba—The "city in the midst of the river" likely refers to a fortress-city in the Arnon valley itself, strategically positioned. Medeba (מֵידְבָא) was a Moabite city about six miles south of Heshbon, sitting on the Transjordan plateau. These detailed geographical markers preserved tribal boundaries and documented God's faithfulness in giving specific territorial promises. Precision in boundaries prevented future disputes and demonstrated that God's promises are concrete, not abstract.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The Arnon River (modern Wadi Mujib) is a dramatic gorge cutting approximately 1,700 feet deep into the Transjordan plateau, flowing westward into the Dead Sea. Aroer's ruins still exist today. Medeba appears on the famous 6th-century Madaba Map mosaic. The Moabite Stone (9th century BC) mentions these same cities, confirming their historical significance in regional conflicts.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do specific geographical boundaries in Scripture demonstrate God's attention to detail in fulfilling promises?
  2. What can we learn from God establishing clear boundaries for each tribe about the importance of defined roles and responsibilities?
  3. How does the conquest of fortified locations like Aroer demonstrate that no obstacle is too great when God fights for His people?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
וַיְהִ֨י1 of 17
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לָהֶ֜ם2 of 17
H1992

they (only used when emphatic)

הַגְּב֗וּל3 of 17

And their coast

H1366

properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e., (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed

מֵֽעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר4 of 17

was from Aroer

H6177

aror, the name of three places in or near palestine

אֲשֶׁר֩5 of 17
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

עַל6 of 17
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

שְׂפַת7 of 17

that is on the bank

H8193

the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.)

הַנַּ֛חַל8 of 17

of the river

H5158

a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)

אַרְנ֜וֹן9 of 17

Arnon

H769

the arnon, a river east of the jordan, also its territory

וְהָעִ֨יר10 of 17

and the city

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

אֲשֶׁ֧ר11 of 17
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

בְּתוֹךְ12 of 17

that is in the midst

H8432

a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center

הַנַּ֛חַל13 of 17

of the river

H5158

a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)

וְכָל14 of 17
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַמִּישֹׁ֖ר15 of 17

and all the plain

H4334

a level, i.e., a plain (often used (with the article prefix) as a proper name of certain districts); figuratively, concord; also straightness, i.e., (

עַל16 of 17
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

מֵֽידְבָֽא׃17 of 17

by Medeba

H4311

medeba, a place in palestine


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 13:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 13:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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