King James Version

What Does Joshua 12:4 Mean?

Joshua 12:4 in the King James Version says “And the coast of Og king of Bashan, which was of the remnant of the giants, that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei, — study this verse from Joshua chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the coast of Og king of Bashan, which was of the remnant of the giants, that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,

Joshua 12:4 · KJV


Context

2

Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt in Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which is upon the bank of the river Arnon, and from the middle of the river, and from half Gilead, even unto the river Jabbok, which is the border of the children of Ammon;

3

And from the plain to the sea of Chinneroth on the east, and unto the sea of the plain, even the salt sea on the east, the way to Bethjeshimoth; and from the south, under Ashdothpisgah : the south: or, Teman Ashdothpisgah: or, the springs of Pisgah, or, the hill

4

And the coast of Og king of Bashan, which was of the remnant of the giants, that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,

5

And reigned in mount Hermon, and in Salcah, and in all Bashan, unto the border of the Geshurites and the Maachathites, and half Gilead, the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.

6

Them did Moses the servant of the LORD and the children of Israel smite: and Moses the servant of the LORD gave it for a possession unto the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The second Transjordan king: 'And the coast of Og king of Bashan, which was of the remnant of the giants, that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei.' Og's identification as 'remnant of the giants' (yeter harefaim, יֶתֶר הָרְפָאִים) connects him to the Rephaim, ancient people known for extraordinary size. Deuteronomy 3:11 notes Og's iron bedstead was nine cubits long (over thirteen feet), confirming his gigantic stature. This detail matters theologically: Israel defeated seemingly invincible enemies through God's power. The two capitals—Ashtaroth and Edrei—show Og's significant kingdom. The 'giant' designation recalls Israel's earlier fear of giants (Numbers 13:33), which caused forty years wilderness wandering. Now, under Joshua's leadership and God's blessing, they defeat the giants their fathers feared. This demonstrates that faith and obedience enable victory over threats that terrified previous generations.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Og ruled Bashan, the fertile territory north of Gilead, famous for its cattle and oak forests. Ashtaroth and Edrei were major cities; Edrei especially was strongly fortified with extensive underground chambers (archaeological excavations confirm). The Rephaim were ancient peoples associated with great size and strength, mentioned in Genesis 14:5 and elsewhere. Whether Og was literally giant-sized or the term indicates his power and fearsome reputation, the point remains: he was a formidable opponent. Israel's defeat of him (Numbers 21:33-35) demonstrated God's power to overcome humanly impossible obstacles. The victory was so significant that it's repeatedly memorialized in Scripture (Deuteronomy 3:1-11, Psalm 135:11, 136:20). The lesson: with God, His people overcome enemies that seemed invincible. David's later defeat of Goliath (another giant) echoed this pattern—God's power, not human strength, defeats giants.

Reflection Questions

  1. What 'giants' (overwhelming obstacles) has God enabled you to defeat that previously seemed impossible?
  2. How does remembering past victories over impossible odds strengthen courage for present challenges?
  3. What does God's power to defeat 'giants' teach about His ability to handle your current seemingly impossible situations?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וּגְב֗וּל1 of 9

And the coast

H1366

properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e., (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed

ע֚וֹג2 of 9

of Og

H5747

og, a king of bashan

מֶ֣לֶךְ3 of 9

king

H4428

a king

הַבָּשָׁ֔ן4 of 9

of Bashan

H1316

bashan (often with the article), a region east of the jordan

מִיֶּ֖תֶר5 of 9

which was of the remnant

H3499

properly, an overhanging, i.e., (by implication) a small rope (as hanging free)

הָֽרְפָאִ֑ים6 of 9

of the giants

H7497

a giant

הַיּוֹשֵׁ֥ב7 of 9

that dwelt

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת8 of 9

at Ashtaroth

H6252

ashtaroth, the name of a sidonian deity, and of a place east of the jordan

וּבְאֶדְרֶֽעִי׃9 of 9

and at Edrei

H154

edrei, the name of two places in palestine


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 12:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 12:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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