King James Version

What Does John 12:5 Mean?

John 12:5 in the King James Version says “Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence, and given to the poor? — study this verse from John chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence, and given to the poor?

John 12:5 · KJV


Context

3

Then took Mary a pound of ointment of spikenard , very costly, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair: and the house was filled with the odour of the ointment.

4

Then saith one of his disciples, Judas Iscariot, Simon's son, which should betray him,

5

Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence, and given to the poor?

6

This he said, not that he cared for the poor; but because he was a thief, and had the bag, and bare what was put therein.

7

Then said Jesus, Let her alone: against the day of my burying hath she kept this.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Judas calculates the ointment's value at three hundred denarii (a year's wages for a laborer), questioning why it wasn't sold for the poor. His objection sounds like social justice but springs from greed. This demonstrates how noble-sounding arguments can mask ignoble motives. The question 'Why was not?' implies criticism of Mary, Jesus, or both. Judas' utilitarian ethics miss worship's transcendent value—some things shouldn't be calculated. His mercenary spirit contrasts Mary's generous heart, previewing his selling Jesus for thirty pieces of silver.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

A denarius was a day's wage for a laborer (Matt 20:2). Three hundred denarii represented a substantial fortune for common people. The poor were numerous in first-century Palestine, making Judas' objection seem reasonable.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do we discern between genuine concern for the poor and utilitarian opposition to worship?
  2. What does Judas' calculation teach about the limits of economic thinking in spiritual matters?
  3. In what ways does mercenary religion miss worship's intrinsic value?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 11 words
Διατί1 of 11

Why

G1302

through what cause ?, i.e., why?

τοῦτο2 of 11

this

G5124

that thing

τὸ3 of 11
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μύρον4 of 11

ointment

G3464

"myrrh", i.e., (by implication) perfumed oil

οὐκ5 of 11

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἐπράθη6 of 11

sold

G4097

from the base of g4008); to traffic (by travelling), i.e., dispose of as merchandise or into slavery (literally or figuratively)

τριακοσίων7 of 11

for three hundred

G5145

three hundred

δηναρίων8 of 11

pence

G1220

a denarius (or ten asses)

καὶ9 of 11

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐδόθη10 of 11

given

G1325

to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)

πτωχοῖς11 of 11

to the poor

G4434

akin to g4422 and the alternate of g4098); a beggar (as cringing), i.e., pauper (strictly denoting absolute or public mendicancy, although also used i


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of John. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

John 12:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to John 12:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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