King James Version

What Does Job 31:19 Mean?

Job 31:19 in the King James Version says “If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, or any poor without covering; — study this verse from Job chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, or any poor without covering;

Job 31:19 · KJV


Context

17

Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof;

18

(For from my youth he was brought up with me, as with a father, and I have guided her from my mother's womb;) her: that is, the widow

19

If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, or any poor without covering;

20

If his loins have not blessed me, and if he were not warmed with the fleece of my sheep;

21

If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
If I have seen any perish for want of clothing (אִם־אֶרְאֶה אוֹבֵד מִבְּלִי לְבוּשׁ, im-er'eh oved mib-bli levush)—oved (אוֹבֵד, perish) is a participle indicating ongoing suffering. Any poor without covering (וְאֵין כְּסוּת לָאֶבְיוֹן, ve-ein kesut la-evyon)—evyon (אֶבְיוֹן, poor/needy) appears 61 times in Scripture, denoting the destitute. Kesut (כְּסוּת) means covering or garment, basic protection.

Job addresses the second basic human need (after food, v. 17)—clothing. This anticipates Jesus's teaching: "I was naked, and ye clothed me" (Matthew 25:36). The conditional "if I have seen" implies active looking—Job sought out those in need rather than avoiding them. Isaiah 58:7 commands: "When thou seest the naked, that thou cover him." Job's righteousness wasn't passive non-harm but active intervention, foreshadowing the Good Samaritan's compassion (Luke 10:33-35).

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Historical & Cultural Context

In the ancient Near East, exposure killed. Nights in Judean hill country dropped to freezing; lack of clothing meant death. The Torah required returning a poor man's cloak by sunset (Exodus 22:26-27, Deuteronomy 24:12-13) because it was his only covering. Job's provision of clothing demonstrated life-saving compassion. His wealth (7,000 sheep, 3,000 camels) meant he had abundant wool and resources to clothe the naked.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Job's active seeking of those 'perishing for want of clothing' challenge passive Christianity that waits for needs to appear?
  2. What modern equivalents of 'clothing the naked' might God be calling you to address in your community?
  3. How does Job's example inform the church's understanding of material care as integral to gospel witness?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
אִם1 of 8
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

אֶרְאֶ֣ה2 of 8

If I have seen

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

א֭וֹבֵד3 of 8

any perish

H6

properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)

מִבְּלִ֣י4 of 8
H1097

properly, failure, i.e., nothing or destruction; usually (with preposition) without, not yet, because not, as long as, etc

לְב֑וּשׁ5 of 8

for want of clothing

H3830

a garment (literally or figuratively); by implication (euphemistically) a wife

וְאֵ֥ין6 of 8
H369

a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

כְּ֝ס֗וּת7 of 8

without covering

H3682

a cover (garment); figuratively, a veiling

לָאֶבְיֽוֹן׃8 of 8

or any poor

H34

destitute


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 31:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Job 31:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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