King James Version

What Does Job 31:18 Mean?

Job 31:18 in the King James Version says “(For from my youth he was brought up with me, as with a father, and I have guided her from my mother's womb;) her: that ... — study this verse from Job chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

(For from my youth he was brought up with me, as with a father, and I have guided her from my mother's womb;) her: that is, the widow

Job 31:18 · KJV


Context

16

If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;

17

Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof;

18

(For from my youth he was brought up with me, as with a father, and I have guided her from my mother's womb;) her: that is, the widow

19

If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, or any poor without covering;

20

If his loins have not blessed me, and if he were not warmed with the fleece of my sheep;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
From my youth he was brought up with me, as with a father (כִּי מִנְּעוּרַי גְּדֵלַנִי כְאָב, ki min-ne'urai gedelani ke-av)—ne'urim (נְעוּרִים, youth) indicates Job's lifelong pattern. I have guided her from my mother's womb (וּמִבֶּטֶן אִמִּי אַנְחֶנָּה, u-mi-beten immi anḥennah) uses naḥah (נָחָה, guide/lead), the same verb for God guiding Israel (Exodus 15:13).

This parenthetical verse explains vv. 16-17—Job's compassion wasn't recent virtue-signaling but character formed from childhood. The hyperbole "from my mother's womb" emphasizes deeply ingrained habit. Job fathered orphans and mothered widows, anticipating God's self-description as "father of the fatherless" (Psalm 68:5). The verse models formative discipleship—righteousness isn't knowledge but practiced character, developed over a lifetime. Job becomes a type of Christ, who guides believers as a shepherd (John 10:3-4).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient patriarchal society operated through household structures. For Job to treat orphans "as with a father" meant incorporating them into his household, providing not just food but identity, protection, and inheritance rights. This reflects the kinsman-redeemer concept (goel) developed later in Mosaic law. Job's claim of lifelong compassion demonstrates that true righteousness is consistent character, not situational performance.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does Job's lifelong pattern of compassion teach about the formation of Christian character versus episodic acts of charity?
  2. How can families and churches cultivate 'from youth' habits of caring for the vulnerable?
  3. In what ways does Job's fathering of orphans point to God's adoptive love for spiritual orphans (Romans 8:15, Ephesians 1:5)?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
כִּ֣י1 of 7
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

מִ֭נְּעוּרַי2 of 7

For from my youth

H5271

(only in plural collective or emphatic form) youth, the state (juvenility) or the persons (young people)

גְּדֵלַ֣נִי3 of 7

he was brought up

H1431

to be (causatively make) large (in various senses, as in body, mind, estate or honor, also in pride)

כְאָ֑ב4 of 7

with me as with a father

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

וּמִבֶּ֖טֶן5 of 7

womb

H990

the belly, especially the womb; also the bosom or body of anything

אִמִּ֣י6 of 7

her from my mother's

H517

a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])

אַנְחֶֽנָּה׃7 of 7

and I have guided

H5148

to guide; by implication, to transport (into exile, or as colonists)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 31:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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