King James Version

What Does Romans 12:19 Mean?

Romans 12:19 in the King James Version says “Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but rather give place unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will re... — study this verse from Romans chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but rather give place unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord.

Romans 12:19 · KJV


Context

17

Recompense to no man evil for evil. Provide things honest in the sight of all men.

18

If it be possible, as much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men.

19

Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but rather give place unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord.

20

Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink: for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head.

21

Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but rather give place unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord. Paul addresses believers as dearly beloved (ἀγαπητοί, agapētoi), his affectionate term for fellow Christians, before delivering a difficult command: avenge not yourselves (μὴ ἑαυτοὺς ἐκδικοῦντες, mē heautous ekdikountes). The verb means 'exact justice, punish, vindicate'—personal vengeance is forbidden. Instead, give place unto wrath (δότε τόπον τῇ ὀργῇ, dote topon tē orgē)—'make room for wrath.' This could mean God's wrath (don't usurp his role) or the opponent's wrath (step back, let it exhaust itself without retaliation). Either way, believers relinquish the right to settle scores.

Paul grounds this command in Scripture: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord, quoting Deuteronomy 32:35. Vengeance belongs exclusively to God; he alone judges with perfect justice, knowledge, and authority. Humans lack the omniscience, righteousness, and impartiality required for righteous vengeance—our retaliation is always tainted by self-interest and limited perspective. Trusting God to repay means believing he will settle all accounts (Romans 2:5-6, Revelation 6:10). This doesn't negate civil justice (13:4) but forbids personal vigilantism. Faith in God's justice frees believers from the burden of revenge.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Roman law permitted personal retaliation in some cases; honor culture demanded revenge for insults. Gladiatorial combat and public executions satisfied society's appetite for retributive violence. Jewish tradition debated whether 'eye for eye' (Exodus 21:24) required literal retaliation or monetary compensation. Jesus radicalized the discussion: 'resist not evil' (Matthew 5:39). Paul applies this to the Roman church: victims of persecution, slander, or injustice must entrust judgment to God rather than take matters into their own hands. Early Christian martyrs exemplified this, forgiving persecutors and praying for enemies.

Reflection Questions

  1. Where are you tempted to 'avenge yourself'—nurse grudges, plot retaliation, or demand personal vindication?
  2. How does trusting that 'vengeance is mine, saith the Lord' free you from the exhausting burden of settling scores?
  3. What injustice or unresolved hurt do you need to 'give place to wrath'—release to God's perfect judgment rather than pursue revenge?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 17 words
μὴ1 of 17

not

G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

ἑαυτοὺς2 of 17

yourselves

G1438

(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc

ἐκδικοῦντες3 of 17

avenge

G1556

to vindicate, retaliate, punish

ἀγαπητοί4 of 17

Dearly beloved

G27

beloved

ἀλλὰ5 of 17

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

δότε6 of 17

rather give

G1325

to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)

τόπον7 of 17

place

G5117

a spot (general in space, but limited by occupancy; whereas g5561 is a large but participle locality), i.e., location (as a position, home, tract, etc

τῇ8 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὀργῇ9 of 17

unto wrath

G3709

properly, desire (as a reaching forth or excitement of the mind), i.e., (by analogy), violent passion (ire, or (justifiable) abhorrence); by implicati

γέγραπται10 of 17

it is written

G1125

to "grave", especially to write; figuratively, to describe

γάρ11 of 17

for

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

Ἐμοὶ12 of 17

is mine

G1698

to me

ἐκδίκησις13 of 17

Vengeance

G1557

vindication, retribution

ἐγὼ14 of 17

I

G1473

i, me

ἀνταποδώσω15 of 17

will repay

G467

to requite (good or evil)

λέγει16 of 17

saith

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

κύριος17 of 17

the Lord

G2962

supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 12:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 12:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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