King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 43:12 Mean?

Jeremiah 43:12 in the King James Version says “And I will kindle a fire in the houses of the gods of Egypt; and he shall burn them, and carry them away captives: and h... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 43 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And I will kindle a fire in the houses of the gods of Egypt; and he shall burn them, and carry them away captives: and he shall array himself with the land of Egypt, as a shepherd putteth on his garment; and he shall go forth from thence in peace.

Jeremiah 43:12 · KJV


Context

10

And say unto them, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will send and take Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, my servant, and will set his throne upon these stones that I have hid; and he shall spread his royal pavilion over them.

11

And when he cometh, he shall smite the land of Egypt, and deliver such as are for death to death; and such as are for captivity to captivity; and such as are for the sword to the sword.

12

And I will kindle a fire in the houses of the gods of Egypt; and he shall burn them, and carry them away captives: and he shall array himself with the land of Egypt, as a shepherd putteth on his garment; and he shall go forth from thence in peace.

13

He shall break also the images of Bethshemesh, that is in the land of Egypt; and the houses of the gods of the Egyptians shall he burn with fire. images: Heb. statues, or, standing images Bethshemesh: or, The house of the sun


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And I will kindle a fire in the houses of the gods of Egypt (וְהִצַּתִּי אֵשׁ בְּבָתֵּי אֱלֹהֵי מִצְרָיִם)—God takes credit for Babylon's action ('I will kindle'), asserting sovereignty over pagan empire's military campaigns. Egyptian temples, centers of political and economic power, will burn. He shall burn them, and carry them away captives—Nebuchadnezzar becomes God's instrument (cf. 25:9, 27:6, 'My servant'), burning shrines and looting divine statues, the ultimate humiliation in ancient Near Eastern warfare.

And he shall array himself with the land of Egypt, as a shepherd putteth on his garment (וְעָטָה אֶת־אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם כַּאֲשֶׁר יַעְטֶה הָרֹעֶה אֶת־בִּגְדוֹ)—vivid metaphor: Egypt's wealth wraps around Nebuchadnezzar like a shepherd casually donning his cloak. 'Atah (עָטָה, wrap/clothe) suggests effortless acquisition. And he shall go forth from thence in peace (וְיָצָא מִשָּׁם בְּשָׁלוֹם)—successful withdrawal, unscathed, mission accomplished. Pharaoh's impotence contrasts God's omnipotence.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Egyptian religion centered on temple complexes at Thebes, Memphis, Heliopolis. Babylonian desecration of these shrines would shatter Egyptian confidence in their gods' protective power. Herodotus (Histories 2.161-169) records turmoil in Egypt during this period. The phrase 'carry away captive' refers to exiling deity statues, standard ancient practice declaring victor's god superior to vanquished god.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's use of pagan empires (Babylon) to judge other pagan empires (Egypt) demonstrate His universal sovereignty?
  2. What does the shepherd metaphor teach about how easily God can 'clothe' His agents with victory over seemingly powerful opponents?
  3. Why does Scripture emphasize that Nebuchadnezzar will withdraw 'in peace'—what would this signal to observers?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 19 words
וְהִצַּ֣תִּי1 of 19

And I will kindle

H3341

to burn or set on fire; figuratively, to desolate

אֵ֗שׁ2 of 19

a fire

H784

fire (literally or figuratively)

בְּבָתֵּי֙3 of 19

in the houses

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

אֱלֹהֵ֣י4 of 19

of the gods

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

מִצְרַ֜יִם5 of 19

of Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

וּשְׂרָפָ֖ם6 of 19

and he shall burn

H8313

to be (causatively, set) on fire

וְשָׁבָ֑ם7 of 19

them and carry them away captives

H7617

to transport into captivity

יַעְטֶ֤ה8 of 19

and he shall array

H5844

to wrap, i.e., cover, veil, clothe, or roll

אֶת9 of 19
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

אֶ֨רֶץ10 of 19

himself with the land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

מִצְרַ֜יִם11 of 19

of Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

כַּאֲשֶׁר12 of 19
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יַעְטֶ֤ה13 of 19

and he shall array

H5844

to wrap, i.e., cover, veil, clothe, or roll

הָֽרֹעֶה֙14 of 19

as a shepherd

H7462

to tend a flock; i.e., pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a frie

אֶת15 of 19
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בִּגְד֔וֹ16 of 19

his garment

H899

a covering, i.e., clothing

וְיָצָ֥א17 of 19

and he shall go forth

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

מִשָּׁ֖ם18 of 19
H8033

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃19 of 19

from thence in peace

H7965

safe, i.e., (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e., health, prosperity, peace


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 43:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 43:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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