King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 40:15 Mean?

Then Johanan the son of Kareah spake to Gedaliah in Mizpah secretly, saying, Let me go, I pray thee, and I will slay Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and no man shall know it: wherefore should he slay thee, that all the Jews which are gathered unto thee should be scattered, and the remnant in Judah perish?

Jeremiah 40:15 · KJV


Context

13

Moreover Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the forces that were in the fields, came to Gedaliah to Mizpah,

14

And said unto him, Dost thou certainly know that Baalis the king of the Ammonites hath sent Ishmael the son of Nethaniah to slay thee? But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam believed them not. to slay: Heb. to strike thee in soul?

15

Then Johanan the son of Kareah spake to Gedaliah in Mizpah secretly, saying, Let me go, I pray thee, and I will slay Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and no man shall know it: wherefore should he slay thee, that all the Jews which are gathered unto thee should be scattered, and the remnant in Judah perish?

16

But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam said unto Johanan the son of Kareah, Thou shalt not do this thing: for thou speakest falsely of Ishmael.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Johanan's secret offer to Gedaliah—'Let me go, I pray thee, and I will slay Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and no man shall know it'—reveals both his genuine concern for the governor and the moral complexity of the situation. Johanan proposed pre-emptive assassination 'in secret' (literally 'and a man will not know'), suggesting he understood that public execution of Ishmael (a man of royal blood, verse 1) without clear proof of conspiracy might destabilize the fragile community. His reasoning—'wherefore should he slay thee, that all the Jews which are gathered unto thee should be scattered abroad, and the remnant in Judah perish?'—demonstrates strategic thinking: Gedaliah's death would shatter the community structure, causing refugees to flee again and the fragile recovery to collapse. Johanan correctly perceived that stability depended on Gedaliah's leadership and authority. However, his proposed solution—secret assassination—raises ethical questions about ends justifying means. Would murdering Ishmael based on credible but not yet acted-upon conspiracy be justice or merely pragmatic elimination of a threat? The passage doesn't explicitly condemn or endorse Johanan's offer, but Gedaliah's refusal (verse 16) suggests he found it morally unacceptable. This tension between preventing harm through morally questionable means versus maintaining ethical standards even at risk remains relevant for believers facing complex threats.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Johanan's offer of secret assassination reflects ancient Near Eastern political realities where eliminating threats to rulers and states through covert action was standard practice. David faced similar situations with Saul (1 Samuel 24, 26) and showed restraint despite opportunity, while other biblical figures (Ehud in Judges 3, Jehu in 2 Kings 9) executed violent actions against rulers at divine command. The proposal to act 'and no man shall know it' indicates Johanan planned to make Ishmael's death appear accidental or attributable to others, avoiding the political complications of Gedaliah being seen as eliminating a rival of royal blood. Johanan's argument about preventing community collapse proved prescient—when Gedaliah was indeed assassinated two months later (41:1-3), the remaining Jews fled to Egypt in fear of Babylonian reprisal (chapters 42-43), exactly as Johanan predicted. This creates historical irony: the harm Johanan sought to prevent through pre-emptive action occurred because Gedaliah refused to act. However, whether Johanan's proposed solution would have succeeded or merely created different problems remains unknowable. The passage invites reflection on whether Gedaliah's moral stance or Johanan's pragmatic calculation was wiser.

Reflection Questions

  1. How should believers weigh preventing genuine future harm against maintaining ethical standards in present action?
  2. What does Johanan's accurate prediction of consequences teach about the relationship between political pragmatism and prophetic/moral wisdom?
  3. When is pre-emptive action against credible threats justified, and when does it cross into evil that cannot be sanctified by good intentions?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 30 words
וְיוֹחָנָ֣ן1 of 30

Then Johanan

H3110

jochanan, the name of nine israelites

בֶּן2 of 30

the son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

קָרֵ֡חַ3 of 30

of Kareah

H7143

kareach, an israelite

לֵאמֹ֗ר4 of 30

saying

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אֶל5 of 30
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

גְּדַלְיָהוּ֩6 of 30

to Gedaliah

H1436

gedaljah, the name of five israelites

בַסֵּ֨תֶר7 of 30

secretly

H5643

a cover (in a good or a bad, a literal or a figurative sense)

בַּמִּצְפָּ֜ה8 of 30

in Mizpah

H4709

mitspah, the name of two places in palestine

לֵאמֹ֗ר9 of 30

saying

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אֵ֤לְכָה10 of 30
H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

נָּא֙11 of 30
H4994

'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction

יַכֶּ֣כָּה12 of 30

I pray thee and I will slay

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

אֶת13 of 30
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל14 of 30

Ishmael

H3458

jishmael, the name of abraham's oldest son, and of five israelites

בֶּן15 of 30

the son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

נְתַנְיָ֔ה16 of 30

of Nethaniah

H5418

nethanjah, the name of four israelites

וְאִ֖ישׁ17 of 30

and no man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

לֹ֣א18 of 30
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יֵדָ֑ע19 of 30

shall know

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

לָ֧מָּה20 of 30
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

יַכֶּ֣כָּה21 of 30

I pray thee and I will slay

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

נֶּ֗פֶשׁ22 of 30
H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

וְנָפֹ֙צוּ֙23 of 30

unto thee should be scattered

H6327

to dash in pieces, literally or figuratively (especially to disperse)

כָּל24 of 30
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

יְהוּדָ֔ה25 of 30

thee that all the Jews

H3064

a jehudite (i.e., judaite or jew), or descendant of jehudah (i.e., judah)

הַנִּקְבָּצִ֣ים26 of 30

which are gathered

H6908

to grasp, i.e., collect

אֵלֶ֔יךָ27 of 30
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

וְאָבְדָ֖ה28 of 30

perish

H6

properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)

שְׁאֵרִ֥ית29 of 30

and the remnant

H7611

a remainder or residual (surviving, final) portion

יְהוּדָֽה׃30 of 30

in Judah

H3063

jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 40:15 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 40:15 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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