King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 38:18 Mean?

Jeremiah 38:18 in the King James Version says “But if thou wilt not go forth to the king of Babylon's princes, then shall this city be given into the hand of the Chald... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 38 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But if thou wilt not go forth to the king of Babylon's princes, then shall this city be given into the hand of the Chaldeans, and they shall burn it with fire, and thou shalt not escape out of their hand.

Jeremiah 38:18 · KJV


Context

16

So Zedekiah the king sware secretly unto Jeremiah, saying, As the LORD liveth, that made us this soul, I will not put thee to death, neither will I give thee into the hand of these men that seek thy life.

17

Then said Jeremiah unto Zedekiah, Thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the God of Israel; If thou wilt assuredly go forth unto the king of Babylon's princes, then thy soul shall live, and this city shall not be burned with fire; and thou shalt live, and thine house:

18

But if thou wilt not go forth to the king of Babylon's princes, then shall this city be given into the hand of the Chaldeans, and they shall burn it with fire, and thou shalt not escape out of their hand.

19

And Zedekiah the king said unto Jeremiah, I am afraid of the Jews that are fallen to the Chaldeans, lest they deliver me into their hand, and they mock me.

20

But Jeremiah said, They shall not deliver thee. Obey, I beseech thee, the voice of the LORD, which I speak unto thee: so it shall be well unto thee, and thy soul shall live.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But if thou wilt not go forth—The conditional introduces the alternative future: disobedience guarantees destruction. God's word through Jeremiah presented Zedekiah with clear binary options, removing any middle ground or negotiated compromise. This reflects covenant theology: blessing follows obedience, curse follows rebellion (Deuteronomy 28).

This city shall be given into the hand of the Chaldeans, and they shall burn it with fire—The Hebrew saraph (שָׂרַף, "to burn") proved grimly prophetic. Nebuchadnezzar's forces did exactly this in 586 BC (2 Kings 25:8-9), destroying Solomon's temple and Jerusalem's walls. The prophecy's specificity—not just defeat but burning—demonstrated its divine origin. Zedekiah's refusal to surrender would make him personally responsible (thou shalt cause, v. 23) for Jerusalem's immolation.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Archaeological evidence confirms massive destruction layers from 586 BC across Jerusalem, including burn layers and Babylonian arrowheads. The temple's destruction fulfilled prophecies from Jeremiah (7:14, 26:6) and other prophets. This catastrophe ended the Davidic monarchy and triggered the Babylonian exile.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's clear presentation of consequences demonstrate both His justice and mercy?
  2. What does the specificity of fulfilled prophecy (burning with fire) reveal about Scripture's reliability?
  3. Why do humans often choose the path leading to certain destruction rather than humble obedience?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
וְאִ֣ם1 of 18
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

לֹֽא2 of 18
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תֵצֵ֗א3 of 18

But if thou wilt not go forth

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

אֶל4 of 18
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

שָׂרֵי֙5 of 18

princes

H8269

a head person (of any rank or class)

מֶ֣לֶךְ6 of 18

to the king

H4428

a king

בָּבֶ֔ל7 of 18

of Babylon's

H894

babel (i.e., babylon), including babylonia and the babylonian empire

וְנִתְּנָ֞ה8 of 18

be given

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

הָעִ֤יר9 of 18

then shall this city

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

הַזֹּאת֙10 of 18
H2063

this (often used adverb)

מִיָּדָֽם׃11 of 18

into the hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים12 of 18

of the Chaldeans

H3778

a kasdite, or descendant of kesed; by implication, a chaldaean (as if so descended); also an astrologer (as if proverbial of that people

וּשְׂרָפ֖וּהָ13 of 18

and they shall burn

H8313

to be (causatively, set) on fire

בָּאֵ֑שׁ14 of 18

it with fire

H784

fire (literally or figuratively)

וְאַתָּ֖ה15 of 18
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

לֹֽא16 of 18
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תִמָּלֵ֥ט17 of 18

and thou shalt not escape out

H4422

properly, to be smooth, i.e., (by implication) to escape (as if by slipperiness); causatively, to release or rescue; specifically, to bring forth youn

מִיָּדָֽם׃18 of 18

into the hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 38:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 38:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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