King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 22:5 Mean?

Jeremiah 22:5 in the King James Version says “But if ye will not hear these words, I swear by myself, saith the LORD, that this house shall become a desolation. — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But if ye will not hear these words, I swear by myself, saith the LORD, that this house shall become a desolation.

Jeremiah 22:5 · KJV


Context

3

Thus saith the LORD; Execute ye judgment and righteousness, and deliver the spoiled out of the hand of the oppressor: and do no wrong, do no violence to the stranger, the fatherless, nor the widow, neither shed innocent blood in this place.

4

For if ye do this thing indeed, then shall there enter in by the gates of this house kings sitting upon the throne of David, riding in chariots and on horses, he, and his servants, and his people. upon: Heb. for David upon his throne

5

But if ye will not hear these words, I swear by myself, saith the LORD, that this house shall become a desolation.

6

For thus saith the LORD unto the king's house of Judah; Thou art Gilead unto me, and the head of Lebanon: yet surely I will make thee a wilderness, and cities which are not inhabited .

7

And I will prepare destroyers against thee, every one with his weapons: and they shall cut down thy choice cedars, and cast them into the fire.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But if ye will not hear these words—the Hebrew im lo tishme'u (אִם לֹא תִשְׁמְעוּ) recalls the Shema (Deuteronomy 6:4), making disobedience not mere political failure but covenant apostasy. To 'not hear' is to refuse covenant loyalty, the fundamental breach of Israel's relationship with YHWH. I swear by myself, saith the LORD (bi nishba'ti ne'um-YHWH, בִּי נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָה)—this is the most solemn oath possible. Hebrews 6:13 explains, 'For when God made promise to Abraham, because he could swear by no greater, he sware by himself.' God stakes His own character on the certainty of judgment. This self-oath appears rarely: to Abraham (Genesis 22:16), regarding Eli's house (1 Samuel 3:14), and here.

That this house shall become a desolation (ki-lechorbah yihyeh habayit hazeh, כִּי־לְחָרְבָּה יִהְיֶה הַבַּיִת הַזֶּה)—'this house' is the royal palace, but by extension the entire Davidic establishment. The word chorbah (חָרְבָּה) denotes complete ruin, abandonment, a heap of rubble. Isaiah used the same term for Babylon's coming destruction (Isaiah 13:22). The certainty is absolute: divine oath guarantees it. This fulfilled literally in 586 BC when Nebuchadnezzar burned the royal palace (2 Kings 25:9).

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Historical & Cultural Context

This divine oath, sworn 'by myself,' is theologically momentous. In ancient Near Eastern treaties, oaths were sworn by deity to guarantee covenant terms. Here God swears by Himself because there is no higher authority. The prophecy's fulfillment came exactly as sworn: Nebuchadnezzar's forces destroyed Jerusalem in 586 BC, burning both temple and palace (2 Kings 25:8-9). Archaeological excavations in the City of David have uncovered massive destruction layers from this period, with ash, arrowheads, and collapsed structures testifying to the Babylonian conquest. The 'desolation' was so complete that Nehemiah, returning 142 years later, found Jerusalem still largely in ruins (Nehemiah 2:13-17). The oath's fulfillment vindicated Jeremiah's authenticity as prophet and demonstrated that God's word, once sworn, is irrevocable. It also established the principle that covenant unfaithfulness brings certain judgment, regardless of presumed privileges like Davidic lineage or temple presence.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does God's self-oath reveal about the absolute certainty of His word and the seriousness of covenant disobedience?
  2. How does the phrase 'if ye will not hear' connect to the Shema and frame obedience as the essence of covenant relationship?
  3. What comfort and warning does this oath provide regarding God's character: that He cannot lie, but also will not tolerate persistent rebellion?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וְאִם֙1 of 15
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

לֹ֣א2 of 15
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תִשְׁמְע֔וּ3 of 15

But if ye will not hear

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

אֶת4 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַדְּבָרִ֖ים5 of 15

these words

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

הָאֵ֑לֶּה6 of 15
H428

these or those

בִּ֤י7 of 15
H0
נִשְׁבַּ֙עְתִּי֙8 of 15

I swear

H7650

to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)

נְאֻם9 of 15

by myself saith

H5002

an oracle

יְהוָ֔ה10 of 15

the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

כִּי11 of 15
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

לְחָרְבָּ֥ה12 of 15

shall become a desolation

H2723

properly, drought, i.e., (by implication) a desolation

יִֽהְיֶ֖ה13 of 15
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

הַבַּ֥יִת14 of 15

that this house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

הַזֶּֽה׃15 of 15
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 22:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 22:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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