King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 18:17 Mean?

Jeremiah 18:17 in the King James Version says “I will scatter them as with an east wind before the enemy; I will shew them the back, and not the face, in the day of th... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 18 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

I will scatter them as with an east wind before the enemy; I will shew them the back, and not the face, in the day of their calamity.

Jeremiah 18:17 · KJV


Context

15

Because my people hath forgotten me, they have burned incense to vanity, and they have caused them to stumble in their ways from the ancient paths , to walk in paths, in a way not cast up;

16

To make their land desolate, and a perpetual hissing ; every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and wag his head.

17

I will scatter them as with an east wind before the enemy; I will shew them the back, and not the face, in the day of their calamity.

18

Then said they, Come, and let us devise devices against Jeremiah; for the law shall not perish from the priest, nor counsel from the wise, nor the word from the prophet. Come, and let us smite him with the tongue, and let us not give heed to any of his words. with: or, for the tongue

19

Give heed to me, O LORD, and hearken to the voice of them that contend with me.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
God describes His judgment: "I will scatter them as with an east wind before the enemy." The east wind (qadiym, קָדִים) was the sirocco—a hot, fierce desert wind that withered vegetation and brought discomfort. Scattering like chaff before wind depicts total dispersal and helplessness (Ps 1:4, Hos 13:3). The Babylonian invasion will scatter Judah's population into exile.

"I will shew them the back, and not the face, in the day of their calamity"—devastating imagery of divine abandonment. To show one's face indicates favor, attention, and blessing (Num 6:25-26, Ps 27:8-9); to turn one's back signals rejection and withdrawal of protection. In their moment of greatest need ("day of their calamity"), God will not intervene to save because they persistently rejected His appeals for repentance.

This represents the ultimate covenant curse—removal of God's protective presence. While Reformed theology affirms God's omnipresence, His special covenantal presence can be withdrawn from unfaithful people and nations. Ichabod—"the glory has departed" (1 Sam 4:21)—describes this tragic loss. Yet even this judgment serves redemptive purposes, preparing a remnant for restoration through the new covenant in Christ.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The east wind regularly devastated Palestinian agriculture, serving as an apt metaphor for destructive judgment (Gen 41:6, 23, 27, Ezek 17:10, 19:12, Hos 13:15). The Babylonian exile scattered Judah's population across Mesopotamia, Egypt, and other regions. God's apparent absence during exile forms the backdrop for post-exilic wrestling with theodicy (Lamentations, Ezekiel) and longing for restoration (Psalms 42-43, 74, 79-80, 137).

Reflection Questions

  1. What does it mean to experience God showing His back rather than His face in times of trouble?
  2. How does persistent rejection of God's appeals for repentance lead to eventual abandonment to consequences?
  3. In what ways did Christ experience God's turned back on the cross, bearing what we deserved?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
כְּרֽוּחַ1 of 11

wind

H7307

wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the

קָדִ֥ים2 of 11

them as with an east

H6921

the fore or front part; hence (by orientation) the east (often adverbially, eastward, for brevity the east wind)

אֲפִיצֵ֖ם3 of 11

I will scatter

H6327

to dash in pieces, literally or figuratively (especially to disperse)

פָנִ֛ים4 of 11

and not the face

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

אוֹיֵ֑ב5 of 11

the enemy

H341

hating; an adversary

עֹ֧רֶף6 of 11

them the back

H6203

the nape or back of the neck (as declining); hence, the back generally (whether literal or figurative)

וְלֹֽא7 of 11
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

פָנִ֛ים8 of 11

and not the face

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

אֶרְאֵ֖ם9 of 11

I will shew

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

בְּי֥וֹם10 of 11

in the day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

אֵידָֽם׃11 of 11

of their calamity

H343

oppression; by implication misfortune, ruin


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 18:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 18:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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