King James Version

What Does Isaiah 57:20 Mean?

Isaiah 57:20 in the King James Version says “But the wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt. — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 57 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But the wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt.

Isaiah 57:20 · KJV


Context

18

I have seen his ways, and will heal him: I will lead him also, and restore comforts unto him and to his mourners.

19

I create the fruit of the lips; Peace, peace to him that is far off, and to him that is near, saith the LORD; and I will heal him.

20

But the wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt.

21

There is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The contrast with verse 19 is stark: "But the wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt." This vivid simile portrays unregenerate humanity's inner turmoil. The Hebrew nigrash (troubled/driven) describes violent agitation, the opposite of shalom (peace). "Cannot rest" emphasizes the inability, not merely unwillingness—apart from God, humans cannot find peace (Isaiah 48:22). The sea "casting up mire and dirt" depicts how sin produces moral pollution and spiritual filth. This echoes James's description of the double-minded person (James 1:6-8) and anticipates Revelation's troubled sea of humanity in rebellion (Revelation 13:1, 17:15). Reformed theology recognizes this as depicting natural man apart from regenerating grace—restless, agitated, and continuously producing corruption. Augustine described it as the restless heart that finds no rest until it rests in God. This is the human condition under the bondage of sin: perpetual inner turmoil despite outward success or pleasure.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Isaiah had witnessed this firsthand—Judah's persistent anxiety despite repeated attempts to find security through alliances, idolatry, and self-reliance. The prophetic literature consistently portrays the wicked as troubled and restless (Job 15:20, 18:11, Proverbs 4:16-17). This continued through the intertestamental and New Testament periods, climaxing in Jerusalem's rejection of Christ despite His offer of rest (Matthew 11:28-30, 23:37).

Reflection Questions

  1. What does inner restlessness and anxiety reveal about the spiritual condition of our hearts?
  2. How does sin produce ongoing pollution in our lives and communities?
  3. What is the only source of genuine rest and peace for troubled souls?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וְהָרְשָׁעִ֖ים1 of 11

But the wicked

H7563

morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person

כַּיָּ֣ם2 of 11

sea

H3220

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif

וַיִּגְרְשׁ֥וּ3 of 11

are like the troubled

H1644

to drive out from a possession; especially to expatriate or divorce

כִּ֤י4 of 11
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

הַשְׁקֵט֙5 of 11

rest

H8252

to repose (usually figurative)

לֹ֣א6 of 11
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יוּכָ֔ל7 of 11

when it cannot

H3201

to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)

וַיִּגְרְשׁ֥וּ8 of 11

are like the troubled

H1644

to drive out from a possession; especially to expatriate or divorce

מֵימָ֖יו9 of 11

whose waters

H4325

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen

רֶ֥פֶשׁ10 of 11

mire

H7516

mud (as roiled)

וָטִֽיט׃11 of 11

and dirt

H2916

mud or clay; figuratively, calamity


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 57:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 57:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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