King James Version

What Does Isaiah 5:3 Mean?

Isaiah 5:3 in the King James Version says “And now, O inhabitants of Jerusalem, and men of Judah, judge, I pray you, betwixt me and my vineyard. — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And now, O inhabitants of Jerusalem, and men of Judah, judge, I pray you, betwixt me and my vineyard.

Isaiah 5:3 · KJV


Context

1

Now will I sing to my wellbeloved a song of my beloved touching his vineyard. My wellbeloved hath a vineyard in a very fruitful hill: a very: Heb. the horn of the son of oil

2

And he fenced it, and gathered out the stones thereof, and planted it with the choicest vine, and built a tower in the midst of it, and also made a winepress therein: and he looked that it should bring forth grapes, and it brought forth wild grapes. fenced: or, made a wall about made: Heb. hewed

3

And now, O inhabitants of Jerusalem, and men of Judah, judge, I pray you, betwixt me and my vineyard.

4

What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes?

5

And now go to; I will tell you what I will do to my vineyard: I will take away the hedge thereof, and it shall be eaten up; and break down the wall thereof, and it shall be trodden down: trodden: Heb. for a treading


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
God calls the inhabitants of Jerusalem to judge between Him and His vineyard, making them witnesses in His case against Israel. The rhetorical question format anticipates their agreement with the judgment that follows. By inviting human judgment, God demonstrates the reasonableness of His case—even His rebellious people must acknowledge His justice.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern legal procedure involved witnesses. Isaiah frames God's complaint as a legal case where the defendants themselves must acknowledge the legitimacy of the charges.

Reflection Questions

  1. If God asked you to judge between Him and His church today, what verdict would be appropriate?
  2. How does God's transparency in explaining His actions demonstrate His justice?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
וְעַתָּ֛ה1 of 10
H6258

at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive

יוֹשֵׁ֥ב2 of 10

And now O inhabitants

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם3 of 10

of Jerusalem

H3389

jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine

וְאִ֣ישׁ4 of 10

and men

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

יְהוּדָ֑ה5 of 10

of Judah

H3063

jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

שִׁפְטוּ6 of 10

judge

H8199

to judge, i.e., pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literal

נָ֕א7 of 10
H4994

'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction

בֵּינִ֖י8 of 10
H996

between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or

וּבֵ֥ין9 of 10
H996

between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or

כַּרְמִֽי׃10 of 10

I pray you betwixt me and my vineyard

H3754

a garden or vineyard


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 5:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 5:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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