King James Version

What Does Romans 2:5 Mean?

Romans 2:5 in the King James Version says “But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of ... — study this verse from Romans chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God;

Romans 2:5 · KJV


Context

3

And thinkest thou this, O man, that judgest them which do such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God?

4

Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance?

5

But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God;

6

Who will render to every man according to his deeds:

7

To them who by patient continuance in well doing seek for glory and honour and immortality, eternal life:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But after thy hardness and impenitent heartκατὰ δὲ τὴν σκληρότητά σου (kata de tēn sklērotēta sou), literally "according to your hardness." Σκληρότης (sklērotēs) means "hardness/stubbornness," the same root describing Pharaoh's hardened heart (Exodus 4-14 LXX). Ἀμετανόητος καρδία (ametanoētos kardia, "unrepentant heart") combines alpha-privative with "repentance"—a heart refusing to change. Treasurest up unto thyself wrath—the verb θησαυρίζεις (thēsaurizeis, "store up/accumulate") ironically applies 'treasure-gathering' to divine fury.

This verse delivers devastating irony: instead of treasuring up God's goodness (v. 4), the unrepentant accumulate wrath. Every sin unrepented adds to the eschatological storehouse, like compound interest on a debt unpayable. Against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of Godἡμέρα ὀργῆς καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως (hēmera orgēs kai apokalypseōs) refers to final judgment when God's δικαιοκρισία (dikaiokrisia, "righteous judgment") is unveiled.

Paul's language echoes Amos 5:18-20's warning about "the day of the LORD" being darkness, not light, for the unrepentant. The heart—kardia—is Scripture's core of moral identity (Proverbs 4:23, Jeremiah 17:9). A hard heart cannot repent; only God's Spirit can replace the heart of stone with flesh (Ezekiel 36:26).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish apocalyptic literature (Daniel, intertestamental works like 1 Enoch) vividly described the "day of wrath" when God would judge the world. Most Jews expected vindication on that day, with judgment falling on Gentile oppressors. Paul shockingly redirects: unrepentant Jews face the same wrath. The phrase "revelation of the righteous judgment" indicates this judgment is currently hidden but will be unveiled—secrets exposed, motives judged, hypocrisy condemned (Romans 2:16).

Reflection Questions

  1. What areas of my life show 'hardness'—places where I've resisted God's convicting Spirit repeatedly?
  2. Am I accumulating treasure in heaven (Matthew 6:19-21) or storing up wrath through unrepented sin?
  3. How does contemplating the 'day of wrath' motivate present repentance rather than inducing despair?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 19 words
κατὰ1 of 19

after

G2596

(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)

δὲ2 of 19

But

G1161

but, and, etc

τὴν3 of 19
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σκληρότητά4 of 19

hardness

G4643

callousness, i.e., (figuratively) stubbornness

σου5 of 19

thy

G4675

of thee, thy

καὶ6 of 19

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀμετανόητον7 of 19

impenitent

G279

unrepentant

καρδίαν8 of 19

heart

G2588

the heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle

θησαυρίζεις9 of 19

treasurest up

G2343

to amass or reserve (literally or figuratively)

σεαυτῷ10 of 19

unto thyself

G4572

of (with, to) thyself

ὀργῆς11 of 19

of wrath

G3709

properly, desire (as a reaching forth or excitement of the mind), i.e., (by analogy), violent passion (ire, or (justifiable) abhorrence); by implicati

ἐν12 of 19

against

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

ἡμέρᾳ13 of 19

the day

G2250

day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of

ὀργῆς14 of 19

of wrath

G3709

properly, desire (as a reaching forth or excitement of the mind), i.e., (by analogy), violent passion (ire, or (justifiable) abhorrence); by implicati

καὶ15 of 19

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀποκαλύψεως16 of 19

revelation

G602

disclosure

δικαιοκρισίας17 of 19

of the righteous judgment

G1341

a just sentence

τοῦ18 of 19
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

θεοῦ19 of 19

of God

G2316

a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 2:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 2:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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