King James Version

What Does Isaiah 21:11 Mean?

Isaiah 21:11 in the King James Version says “The burden of Dumah. He calleth to me out of Seir, Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night? — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The burden of Dumah. He calleth to me out of Seir, Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night?

Isaiah 21:11 · KJV


Context

9

And, behold, here cometh a chariot of men, with a couple of horsemen. And he answered and said, Babylon is fallen, is fallen; and all the graven images of her gods he hath broken unto the ground.

10

O my threshing, and the corn of my floor: that which I have heard of the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, have I declared unto you. corn: Heb. son

11

The burden of Dumah. He calleth to me out of Seir, Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night?

12

The watchman said, The morning cometh, and also the night: if ye will enquire, enquire ye: return, come.

13

The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye travelling companies of Dedanim.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The burden of Dumah. He calleth to me out of Seir, Woe, watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night?' Dumah refers to Edom (Seir is Edom's mountainous region). The oracle is brief and enigmatic. Someone from Edom calls to the watchman asking about the night—when will it end? What is its status? The doubled question emphasizes urgency and anxiety. 'Night' symbolizes judgment, darkness, suffering. Edom asks Israel's prophet for insight about how long their dark time will last. This demonstrates that even pagan nations recognized Israel's prophets had genuine revelation. The question models appropriate human response to divine judgment: seeking information from those with revealed knowledge rather than speculation. Yet the answer (verse 12) proves ambiguous, suggesting some questions lack clear answers—divine mysteries remain even for inquirers.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Edom, descended from Esau, maintained complex relationship with Israel—sometimes ally, often enemy. By Isaiah's time, Edom faced threats from growing empires. The name Dumah means 'silence,' possibly wordplay on Edom's fate—silence of death/judgment. Historically, Edom was eventually destroyed (Obadiah), though timing relative to this oracle is unclear. The brief oracle's enigmatic nature suggests prophetic reserve—not all inquiries receive clear answers. God reveals what He purposes to reveal; some questions remain mysterious. Church history shows similar patterns: believers experiencing suffering ask 'how long?' (Revelation 6:10), yet specific answers aren't always given. Faith must trust God's wisdom and timing even when detailed explanations are withheld. The oracle models this: seeking divine insight is right; demanding complete clarity isn't always granted.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does Edom seeking Israel's prophet teach about pagan recognition of genuine revelation?
  2. How does the 'night' metaphor capture the experience of divine judgment?
  3. Why does God sometimes withhold clear answers even to legitimate questions about suffering's duration?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
מַשָּׂ֖א1 of 11

The burden

H4853

a burden; figuratively, an utterance, chiefly a doom, especially singing; mental, desire

דּוּמָ֑ה2 of 11

of Dumah

H1746

dumah, a tribe and region of arabia

אֵלַי֙3 of 11
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

קֹרֵ֣א4 of 11

He calleth

H7121

to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

מִשֵּׂעִ֔יר5 of 11

to me out of Seir

H8165

seir, a mountain of idumaea and its indigenous occupants, also one in palestine

שֹׁמֵ֖ר6 of 11

Watchman

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc

מַה7 of 11
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

מִלֵּֽיל׃8 of 11

what of the night

H3915

properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity

שֹׁמֵ֖ר9 of 11

Watchman

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc

מַה10 of 11
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

מִלֵּֽיל׃11 of 11

what of the night

H3915

properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 21:11 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 21:11 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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