King James Version

What Does Isaiah 17:4 Mean?

Isaiah 17:4 in the King James Version says “And in that day it shall come to pass, that the glory of Jacob shall be made thin, and the fatness of his flesh shall wa... — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And in that day it shall come to pass, that the glory of Jacob shall be made thin, and the fatness of his flesh shall wax lean.

Isaiah 17:4 · KJV


Context

2

The cities of Aroer are forsaken: they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid.

3

The fortress also shall cease from Ephraim, and the kingdom from Damascus, and the remnant of Syria: they shall be as the glory of the children of Israel, saith the LORD of hosts.

4

And in that day it shall come to pass, that the glory of Jacob shall be made thin, and the fatness of his flesh shall wax lean.

5

And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm; and it shall be as he that gathereth ears in the valley of Rephaim.

6

Yet gleaning grapes shall be left in it, as the shaking of an olive tree, two or three berries in the top of the uppermost bough, four or five in the outmost fruitful branches thereof, saith the LORD God of Israel.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
'In that day shall the glory of Jacob be made thin, and the fatness of his flesh shall wax lean.' This shift focuses judgment on Israel (Jacob). Their 'glory' (kavod—weight, substance, significance) becomes 'thin' (dalal—diminished, impoverished). The metaphor of 'fatness' becoming 'lean' depicts prosperity turning to poverty, strength to weakness. This agricultural imagery would resonate with original audience—fat livestock indicated blessing, lean indicated famine or disease. The prophecy warns that Israel's rebellion against God (trusting Damascus alliance rather than divine protection) will result in national diminishment. God's covenant people aren't exempt from judgment when they violate covenant.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This prophecy was fulfilled through multiple stages: Tiglath-Pileser III's initial campaigns (734-732 BCE) stripped away northern and eastern territories. Shalmaneser V and Sargon II completed the conquest (722 BCE), deporting 27,290 people according to Assyrian records. The northern kingdom never recovered—ten tribes lost to history. Archaeological evidence shows widespread destruction and depopulation in this period. The 'glory of Jacob' literally became thin—reduced population, territory, and sovereignty.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does Israel's judgment alongside their pagan allies teach about covenant unfaithfulness?
  2. How does the 'fatness to leanness' metaphor illustrate prosperity's reversal under judgment?
  3. Why doesn't being God's chosen people exempt Israel from consequences of rebellion?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וְהָיָה֙1 of 9
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

בַּיּ֣וֹם2 of 9

And in that day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הַה֔וּא3 of 9
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

יִדַּ֖ל4 of 9

shall be made thin

H1809

to slacken or be feeble; figuratively, to be oppressed

כְּב֣וֹד5 of 9

it shall come to pass that the glory

H3519

properly, weight, but only figuratively in a good sense, splendor or copiousness

יַעֲקֹ֑ב6 of 9

of Jacob

H3290

jaakob, the israelitish patriarch

וּמִשְׁמַ֥ן7 of 9

and the fatness

H4924

fat, i.e., (literally and abstractly) fatness; but usually (figuratively and concretely) a rich dish, a fertile field, a robust man

בְּשָׂר֖וֹ8 of 9

of his flesh

H1320

flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of a man

יֵרָזֶֽה׃9 of 9

shall wax lean

H7329

to emaciate, i.e., make (become) thin (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 17:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 17:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study