King James Version

What Does Isaiah 10:4 Mean?

Isaiah 10:4 in the King James Version says “Without me they shall bow down under the prisoners, and they shall fall under the slain. For all this his anger is not t... — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Without me they shall bow down under the prisoners, and they shall fall under the slain. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still.

Isaiah 10:4 · KJV


Context

2

To turn aside the needy from judgment, and to take away the right from the poor of my people, that widows may be their prey, and that they may rob the fatherless!

3

And what will ye do in the day of visitation, and in the desolation which shall come from far? to whom will ye flee for help? and where will ye leave your glory?

4

Without me they shall bow down under the prisoners, and they shall fall under the slain. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still.

5

O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger, and the staff in their hand is mine indignation. O: or, Woe to the Assyrian: Heb. Asshur and: or, though

6

I will send him against an hypocritical nation, and against the people of my wrath will I give him a charge, to take the spoil, and to take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets. tread: Heb. lay them a treading


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The judgment is inescapable: they will either bow among prisoners or fall among the slain. 'Bow down under the prisoners' suggests capture and enslavement. 'Fall under the slain' indicates death in battle. These are the only two options—survival means humiliation and slavery; resistance means death. The fifth repetition of the refrain emphasizes God's persistent anger and extended hand. Despite comprehensive judgment warnings, impenitence continues, necessitating the foretold destruction.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Literally fulfilled: when Samaria fell (722 BC), survivors were deported as prisoners to Assyria (2 Kings 17:6), while many died in battle or siege. Similarly, when Judah was judged (586 BC), survivors went to Babylon as captives while multitudes died in Jerusalem's destruction. The choice between captivity or death characterized Assyrian and Babylonian conquest policies—submission meant slavery, resistance meant death.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the binary choice (captivity or death) illustrate the seriousness of divine judgment?
  2. What does the repeated refrain teach about God's patience and justice working together?
  3. How can we ensure we respond to God's warnings before judgment becomes inevitable?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
בִּלְתִּ֤י1 of 15

Without me they shall

H1115

properly, a failure of, i.e., (used only as a negative particle, usually with a prepositional prefix) not, except, without, unless, besides, because n

כָרַע֙2 of 15

bow down

H3766

to bend the knee; by implication, to sink, to prostrate

תַּ֣חַת3 of 15
H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

אַסִּ֔יר4 of 15

under the prisoners

H616

prisoner

וְתַ֥חַת5 of 15
H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

הֲרוּגִ֖ים6 of 15

under the slain

H2026

to smite with deadly intent

יִפֹּ֑לוּ7 of 15

and they shall fall

H5307

to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)

בְּכָל8 of 15
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

זֹאת֙9 of 15
H2063

this (often used adverb)

לֹא10 of 15
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

שָׁ֣ב11 of 15

is not turned away

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

אַפּ֔וֹ12 of 15

For all this his anger

H639

properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

וְע֖וֹד13 of 15
H5750

properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more

יָד֥וֹ14 of 15

but his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

נְטוּיָֽה׃15 of 15

is stretched out still

H5186

to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 10:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 10:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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