King James Version

What Does Isaiah 10:9 Mean?

Isaiah 10:9 in the King James Version says “Is not Calno as Carchemish? is not Hamath as Arpad? is not Samaria as Damascus? — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Is not Calno as Carchemish? is not Hamath as Arpad? is not Samaria as Damascus?

Isaiah 10:9 · KJV


Context

7

Howbeit he meaneth not so, neither doth his heart think so; but it is in his heart to destroy and cut off nations not a few.

8

For he saith, Are not my princes altogether kings?

9

Is not Calno as Carchemish? is not Hamath as Arpad? is not Samaria as Damascus?

10

As my hand hath found the kingdoms of the idols, and whose graven images did excel them of Jerusalem and of Samaria;

11

Shall I not, as I have done unto Samaria and her idols, so do to Jerusalem and her idols?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The Assyrian recounts his conquests with mocking questions, listing cities that fell before his advance. Calno (Calneh), Carchemish, Hamath, Arpad, Samaria, and Damascus—each represents a defeated kingdom. The rhetorical structure implies inevitability: 'If these great cities fell, why should Jerusalem stand?' Yet the king fails to recognize that Yahweh allowed these conquests as judgment on idolatrous nations. Jerusalem's God is not like the impotent idols of conquered peoples. This prideful comparison sets up the dramatic reversal in verses 12-19.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Each city mentioned had historical significance. Carchemish on the Euphrates fell to Assyria in 717 BC. Hamath and Arpad in Syria were conquered by 720 BC. Samaria, capital of the northern kingdom of Israel, fell in 722 BC after a three-year siege. Damascus fell in 732 BC. This chronological litany of defeat would have terrified Judah—these were powerful kingdoms, all now subservient to Assyria. Archaeological evidence confirms Assyrian dominance over these territories during Isaiah's ministry.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do past victories sometimes blind us to our true limitations and God's sovereign control?
  2. What is the difference between God's people (Jerusalem) and idolatrous nations that makes His protection certain?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
הֲלֹ֥א1 of 11
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

כְּכַרְכְּמִ֖ישׁ2 of 11

as Carchemish

H3751

karkemish, a place in syria

כַּלְנ֑וֹ3 of 11

Is not Calno

H3641

calneh or calno, a place in the assyrian empire

אִם4 of 11
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

לֹ֤א5 of 11
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

כְאַרְפַּד֙6 of 11

as Arpad

H774

arpad, a place in syria

חֲמָ֔ת7 of 11

is not Hamath

H2574

chamath, a place in syria

אִם8 of 11
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

לֹ֥א9 of 11
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

כְדַמֶּ֖שֶׂק10 of 11

as Damascus

H1834

damascus, a city of syria

שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃11 of 11

is not Samaria

H8111

shomeron, a place in palestine


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 10:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 10:9 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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