King James Version

What Does Genesis 39:8 Mean?

Genesis 39:8 in the King James Version says “But he refused, and said unto his master's wife, Behold, my master wotteth not what is with me in the house, and he hath... — study this verse from Genesis chapter 39 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But he refused, and said unto his master's wife, Behold, my master wotteth not what is with me in the house, and he hath committed all that he hath to my hand;

Genesis 39:8 · KJV


Context

6

And he left all that he had in Joseph's hand; and he knew not ought he had, save the bread which he did eat. And Joseph was a goodly person, and well favoured.

7

And it came to pass after these things, that his master's wife cast her eyes upon Joseph; and she said, Lie with me.

8

But he refused, and said unto his master's wife, Behold, my master wotteth not what is with me in the house, and he hath committed all that he hath to my hand;

9

There is none greater in this house than I; neither hath he kept back any thing from me but thee, because thou art his wife: how then can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God?

10

And it came to pass, as she spake to Joseph day by day, that he hearkened not unto her, to lie by her, or to be with her.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But he refused, and said unto his master's wife, Behold, my master wotteth not what is with me in th... This passage is part of the Joseph narrative, a masterfully crafted account demonstrating God's sovereign providence working through human choices and circumstances to accomplish His redemptive purposes. The Joseph cycle shows how God transforms evil intentions into instruments of salvation.

Central themes include divine providence orchestrating events toward redemptive ends, the testing and refinement of character through suffering and success, forgiveness overcoming betrayal and injustice, and the preservation of God's covenant people through famine. Joseph's rise from slavery to second-in-command of Egypt illustrates how God exalts the humble and uses seeming disasters for ultimate good.

Theologically, these chapters reveal: (1) God's meticulous sovereignty over all events, even evil human actions; (2) suffering as preparation for future service rather than punishment; (3) forgiveness as reflecting divine character and enabling reconciliation; (4) God's covenant faithfulness across generations ensuring the survival and blessing of His people; (5) how present suffering gains meaning when viewed from the perspective of God's larger purposes. Joseph's words "you meant evil against me, but God meant it for good" (50:20) epitomize biblical theodicy and providence.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The patriarchal narratives (Genesis 12-50) reflect the cultural, social, and legal customs of the ancient Near East during the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE). Archaeological discoveries including the Mari tablets, Nuzi tablets, and Egyptian records confirm many details: nomadic pastoralism, covenant-making ceremonies, marriage customs, property laws, and international travel patterns described in Genesis.

The cultural practices reflected include: treaty/covenant forms (Genesis 15), bride-price customs (Genesis 24, 29), inheritance laws favoring firstborn sons (Genesis 25, 27), adoption practices (Genesis 15, 30), levirate-type arrangements (Genesis 38), and Egyptian administrative systems (Genesis 41, 47). These parallels confirm Genesis's historical reliability while showing how God worked within ancient cultural frameworks to accomplish His purposes.

For later Israelites, these narratives established their identity as Abraham's descendants, explained their claim to Canaan, justified their possession of Joseph's bones (Exodus 13:19), and provided models of faith despite imperfection. The patriarchs' failures and God's faithfulness encouraged Israel that covenant relationship depended on God's grace rather than human merit. The movement from Mesopotamia to Canaan to Egypt set the stage for the Exodus and conquest narratives.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does understanding this verse shape our doctrine of humanity, sin, or salvation?
  2. How should this truth about Divine Presence shape our daily decisions and priorities?
  3. How does understanding Christ as the ultimate fulfillment illuminate this passage's meaning?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
וַיְמָאֵ֓ן׀1 of 18

But he refused

H3985

to refuse

וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙2 of 18

and said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אֶל3 of 18
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

אֵ֣שֶׁת4 of 18

wife

H802

a woman

אֲדֹנִ֔י5 of 18

Behold my master

H113

sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)

הֵ֣ן6 of 18
H2005

lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if

אֲדֹנִ֔י7 of 18

Behold my master

H113

sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)

לֹֽא8 of 18
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יָדַ֥ע9 of 18

wotteth

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

אִתִּ֖י10 of 18
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

מַה11 of 18
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

בַּבָּ֑יִת12 of 18

not what is with me in the house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

וְכֹ֥ל13 of 18
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֲשֶׁר14 of 18
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יֶשׁ15 of 18

all that he hath

H3426

there is or are (or any other form of the verb to be, as may suit the connection)

ל֖וֹ16 of 18
H0
נָתַ֥ן17 of 18

and he hath committed

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

בְּיָדִֽי׃18 of 18

to my hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Genesis. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Genesis 39:8 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Genesis 39:8 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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