King James Version

What Does Exodus 7:3 Mean?

Exodus 7:3 in the King James Version says “And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 7 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.

Exodus 7:3 · KJV


Context

1

And the LORD said unto Moses, See, I have made thee a god to Pharaoh: and Aaron thy brother shall be thy prophet.

2

Thou shalt speak all that I command thee: and Aaron thy brother shall speak unto Pharaoh, that he send the children of Israel out of his land.

3

And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.

4

But Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you, that I may lay my hand upon Egypt, and bring forth mine armies, and my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments.

5

And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I stretch forth mine hand upon Egypt, and bring out the children of Israel from among them.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
God announces 'I will harden Pharaoh's heart' (אַקְשֶׁה, aqsheh—from קָשָׁה, qashah, to make hard/severe). This first use of 'harden' introduces the sovereignty-responsibility tension. God will 'multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt,' turning Pharaoh's resistance into opportunities for revelation.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The verb qashah (harden) is one of three Hebrew terms for hardening. It emphasizes making severe or difficult, suggesting Pharaoh's obstinacy serves divine purposes. Ancient Near Eastern texts sometimes portrayed divine manipulation of human will.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you understand God's sovereignty working through human responsibility?
  2. What does Pharaoh's hardening teach about the purpose of opposition?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַֽאֲנִ֥י1 of 12
H589

i

אַקְשֶׁ֖ה2 of 12

And I will harden

H7185

properly, to be dense, i.e., tough or severe (in various applications)

אֶת3 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

לֵ֣ב4 of 12

heart

H3820

the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything

פַּרְעֹ֑ה5 of 12

Pharaoh's

H6547

paroh, a general title of egyptian kings

וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֧י6 of 12

and multiply

H7235

to increase (in whatever respect)

אֶת7 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אֹֽתֹתַ֛י8 of 12

my signs

H226

a signal (literally or figuratively), as a flag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy, evidence, etc

וְאֶת9 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מֽוֹפְתַ֖י10 of 12

and my wonders

H4159

a miracle; by implication, a token or omen

בְּאֶ֥רֶץ11 of 12

in the land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

מִצְרָֽיִם׃12 of 12

of Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 7:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 7:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study