King James Version

What Does Exodus 39:13 Mean?

Exodus 39:13 in the King James Version says “And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 39 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings.

Exodus 39:13 · KJV


Context

11

And the second row, an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.

12

And the third row, a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.

13

And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings.

14

And the stones were according to the names of the children of Israel, twelve , according to their names, like the engravings of a signet, every one with his name, according to the twelve tribes.

15

And they made upon the breastplate chains at the ends, of wreathen work of pure gold.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The fourth row—beryl (תַּרְשִׁישׁ, tarshish, aquamarine), onyx (שֹׁהַם, shoham), and jasper (יָשְׁפֵה, yashpheh)—completes the twelve. Each stone being 'inclosed in ouches of gold' (מִשְׁבְּצֹת זָהָב, mishbetsot zahav, gold filigree settings) signifies that individual tribes exist within the golden framework of God's covenant. The gold settings prevent the stones from being lost, teaching eternal security—God preserves His elect. Jasper's opacity contrasts with beryl's translucence, showing tribal diversity. The breastplate's cumulative beauty prefigures Revelation 21:19-21, where the New Jerusalem's foundations bear precious stones.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Gold filigree settings (ouches) secured each stone and enhanced its beauty through contrast. This technique, well-developed in ancient metallurgy, ensured the stones remained in place despite the high priest's active ministry. The gold framework unified the diverse stones into a cohesive whole.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do gold settings 'holding' the stones illustrate God's sovereign preservation of His elect?
  2. What does the New Jerusalem's gem-adorned foundations reveal about God's eternal purpose for His people?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וְהַטּוּר֙1 of 9

row

H2905

a row; hence, a wall

הָֽרְבִיעִ֔י2 of 9

And the fourth

H7243

fourth; also (fractionally) a fourth

תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ3 of 9

a beryl

H8658

a gem, perhaps the topaz

שֹׁ֖הַם4 of 9

an onyx

H7718

a gem, probably the beryl (from its pale green color)

וְיָֽשְׁפֵ֑ה5 of 9

and a jasper

H3471

a gem supposed to be jasper (from the resemblance in name)

מֽוּסַבֹּ֛ת6 of 9

they were inclosed

H4142

a reversal, i.e., the backside (of a gem), fold (of a double-leaved door), transmutation (of a name)

מִשְׁבְּצֹ֥ת7 of 9

in ouches

H4865

a brocade; by analogy, a (reticulated) setting of a gem

זָהָ֖ב8 of 9

of gold

H2091

gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky

בְּמִלֻּֽאֹתָֽם׃9 of 9

in their inclosings

H4396

a filling, i.e., setting (of gems)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 39:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study