King James Version

What Does Exodus 39:14 Mean?

And the stones were according to the names of the children of Israel, twelve , according to their names, like the engravings of a signet, every one with his name, according to the twelve tribes.

Exodus 39:14 · KJV


Context

12

And the third row, a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.

13

And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings.

14

And the stones were according to the names of the children of Israel, twelve , according to their names, like the engravings of a signet, every one with his name, according to the twelve tribes.

15

And they made upon the breastplate chains at the ends, of wreathen work of pure gold.

16

And they made two ouches of gold, and two gold rings; and put the two rings in the two ends of the breastplate.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The stones bearing Israel's tribal names 'according to their names, like the engravings of a signet' (כַּפִּתּוּחֵי חוֹתָם, ke-pituche chotam) emphasizes permanence and ownership. Signet engravings denote authority and covenant commitment. Each tribe—not a collective 'Israel' but individual names—appears on a stone, teaching that God's covenant encompasses both corporate (twelve tribes) and individual (each name) identity. This dual reality prefigures both the church's corporate identity and believers' individual assurance. The twelve tribes represent the fullness of God's covenant people, fulfilled in the church as the twelve apostles' foundation (Ephesians 2:20; Revelation 21:14).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Birth order determined the tribal names' sequence on the stones, maintaining the patriarchal structure given through Jacob's twelve sons. The engraving's permanence contrasted with written scrolls that could fade or be destroyed, emphasizing God's unalterable covenant promises.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does your name being 'engraved' before God, not merely written, guarantee salvation's security?
  2. What does the twelve tribes' representation teach about God's faithfulness to His corporate covenant people?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
וְ֠הָֽאֲבָנִים1 of 18

And the stones

H68

a stone

עַל2 of 18
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

שְׁמ֔וֹ3 of 18

according to their names

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

בְּנֵֽי4 of 18

of the children

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל5 of 18

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

הֵ֛נָּה6 of 18
H2007

themselves (often used emphatic for the copula, also in indirect relation)

לִשְׁנֵ֥ים7 of 18

according to the twelve

H8147

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה8 of 18
H6240

ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth

עַל9 of 18
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

שְׁמ֔וֹ10 of 18

according to their names

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

פִּתּוּחֵ֤י11 of 18

like the engravings

H6603

sculpture (in low or high relief or even intaglio)

חֹתָם֙12 of 18

of a signet

H2368

a signature-ring

אִ֣ישׁ13 of 18

every one

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

עַל14 of 18
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

שְׁמ֔וֹ15 of 18

according to their names

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

לִשְׁנֵ֥ים16 of 18

according to the twelve

H8147

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

עָשָׂ֖ר17 of 18
H6240

ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth

שָֽׁבֶט׃18 of 18

tribes

H7626

a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 39:14 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 39:14 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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