King James Version

What Does Exodus 32:31 Mean?

Exodus 32:31 in the King James Version says “And Moses returned unto the LORD, and said, Oh, this people have sinned a great sin, and have made them gods of gold. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 32 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Moses returned unto the LORD, and said, Oh, this people have sinned a great sin, and have made them gods of gold.

Exodus 32:31 · KJV


Context

29

For Moses had said, Consecrate yourselves to day to the LORD, even every man upon his son, and upon his brother; that he may bestow upon you a blessing this day. For Moses: or, And Moses said, Consecrate yourselves to day to the LORD, because every man hath been against his brother, etc Consecrate: Heb. Fill your hands

30

And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses said unto the people, Ye have sinned a great sin: and now I will go up unto the LORD; peradventure I shall make an atonement for your sin.

31

And Moses returned unto the LORD, and said, Oh, this people have sinned a great sin, and have made them gods of gold.

32

Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their sin--; and if not, blot me, I pray thee, out of thy book which thou hast written.

33

And the LORD said unto Moses, Whosoever hath sinned against me, him will I blot out of my book.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Moses returns (וַיָּשָׁב מֹשֶׁה אֶל־יְהוָה, vayyashov Moshe el-Adonai) to renew intercession. His cry אָנָּא (anna, Oh!) expresses deep anguish. The repeated phrase חָטָא הָעָם־הַזֶּה חֲטָאָה גְדֹלָה (chata ha'am-hazeh chata'ah gedolah, this people has sinned a great sin) emphasizes enormity. The specific sin—וַיַּעֲשׂוּ לָהֶם אֱלֹהֵי זָהָב (vaya'asu lahem elohei zahav, they have made for themselves gods of gold)—is stated plainly before God. Moses doesn't minimize or excuse but confesses fully, prerequisite for atonement. The plural 'gods' (אֱלֹהֵי, elohei) may reflect the people's plural declaration (v4) or emphasize the sin's multiplied wickedness.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Moses' confession before God models proper intercession: acknowledge sin's full reality without excuse or minimization. Only honest confession precedes genuine forgiveness (1 John 1:9).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does your confession before God honestly acknowledge sin's true nature?
  2. Why must intercession begin with truthful acknowledgment rather than excuse-making?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וַיָּ֧שָׁב1 of 15

returned

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

מֹשֶׁ֛ה2 of 15

And Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

אֶל3 of 15
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

יְהוָ֖ה4 of 15

unto the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

וַיֹּאמַ֑ר5 of 15

and said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אָ֣נָּ֗א6 of 15

Oh

H577

oh now!

חָטָ֞א7 of 15

have sinned

H2398

properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn

הָעָ֤ם8 of 15

this people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

הַזֶּה֙9 of 15
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

חֲטָאָ֣ה10 of 15

sin

H2401

an offence, or a sacrifice for it

גְדֹלָ֔ה11 of 15

a great

H1419

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ12 of 15

and have made

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

לָהֶ֖ם13 of 15
H0
אֱלֹהֵ֥י14 of 15

them gods

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

זָהָֽב׃15 of 15

of gold

H2091

gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 32:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 32:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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